Myrica

Myrica
Gagel tree ( Myrica faya )
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons Rosids Eurosiden I Order : Beech-like (Fagales) Family : Gelaceae family (Myricaceae) Genre : Myrica
Scientific name
Myrica
L.

Myrica is a plant genus in the family of myricaceae (Myricaceae). The approximately 50 species are distributed almost worldwide; only in Australia and some warm-temperate areas of the Old World are no species.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Myrica species are evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs . There are resinous, shield-shaped glands on young parts of the plant. The leaves are simple and often clustered at the branch ends. The leaf margin is whole or serrated.

Myrica esculenta

Gail Shrub ( Myrica gale )

Generative characteristics

The Myrica species are dioecious ( dioecious ) or monoecious ( monoecious ) separate sexes. The flowering time is before or during the leaves shoot. The inflorescence is eternal, simple or panicle-like. In the flowers, the perianth is often reduced or completely absent. There may be cover sheets . Male flowers usually contain two to eight, rarely up to 20 stamens . The stamens are free or fused at the base, prophylls are present or absent. The female flowers contain two to four bracts. Two fruit leaves are a mostly single-chamber ovary grown. The ovary has resinous glands. The overgrown or free pens are short and have a relatively long scar and limp way branching scar on.

The stone fruits are often covered with head-like, wax-covered papillae. The endocarp is hard. The seeds are erect, their shell is membrane-like.

Systematics

The genus Myrica was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, p. 1024.

The genus Myrica includes around 50 species (selection):

• Myrica adenophora Hance : It thrives in forests and valleys in Taiwan only in Hengchun and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi .
• Myrica californica Cham. (Syn .: Morella californica (Cham.) Wilbur ): It occurs in the US states of Oregon , Washington and California .
• Myrica cerifera L. (Syn .: Morella cerifera (L.) Small ): It occurs in the United States, Guatemala , Honduras , Belize , El Salvador , Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Panama and on the Caribbean islands.
• Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Syn .: Morella esculenta (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) IMTurner ): It occurs in India , Bhutan , Nepal , Thailand , Vietnam , China and Myanmar .
• Gagel tree ( Myrica faya Aiton )
• Gale shrub ( Myrica gale L. )
• Myrica hartwegii S. Watson
• Myrica heterophylla Raf. (Syn .: Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small ): It occurs in the eastern United States and in Texas .
• Myrica inodora W.Bartram (Syn .: Morella inodora (W.Bartram) Small ): It occurs in the US states of Alabama , Mississippi , Georgia , Louisiana and Florida .
• Myrica nana A. Chev. (Syn .: Morella nana (A.Chev.) J.Herb. ): It thrives at altitudes of 1900 to 3000 meters only in western Guizhou and in central and northern Yunnan .
• Myrica pensylvanica Mirb. (Syn .: Morella pensylvanica (Mirb.) Kartesz ): It occurs in eastern Canada and in the eastern United States.
• Myrica rubra Siebold et Zucc. (Syn .: Morella rubra Lour. ): It occurs in southern Korea , China, Taiwan , Japan and the Philippines .

Since 2005, some botanists have divided the genus Myrica sl into two genera based on the structure of the catkins and fruits: In the genus Myrica s. st. Only a few species remain and most of the species fall into the genus Morella Lour. posed.

literature

• Anmin Lu, Allan J. Bornstein: Myricaceae. : In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 4 - Cycadaceae through Fagaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70 -3 . Myrica Linnaeus , pp. 275-276 - online with the same text as the printed work .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Anmin Lu, Allan J. Bornstein: Myricaceae. : In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 4 - Cycadaceae through Fagaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70 -3 . Myrica Linnaeus , pp. 275-276 - online with the same text as the printed work .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Myrica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
3. ↑ Valérie Huguet, Manolo Gouy, Philippe Normand, Jeff F. Zimpfer, Maria P. Fernandez: Molecular phylogeny of Myricaceae: a reexamination of host-symbiont specificity. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 34, Issue 3, 2005, pp. 557-568. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2004.11.018
4. ^ J. Herbert: New combinations and a new species in Morella (Myricaceae). In: Novon , 2005, pp. 293-295.
5. ↑ Rosalina Berazaín Iturralde, Banessa Falcón Hidalgo: Two new combinations in Morella (Myricaceae) for species of the Cuban Flora. In: Willdenowia , Volume 41, Issue 1, 2011, S, 113-114.
6. ↑ Chipem Vashi, Uma Shankar, Arvind K. Misra: A reinstatement and a new combination in Morella subgenus Morella (Myricaceae), with typification of Myrica integrifolia. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 299, Issue 2, March 21, 2017. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.299.2.5

Web links

Commons : Myrica  - collection of images, videos and audio files