Georgia

This article covers the state of the United States of America, other meanings under Georgia (disambiguation) .

Georgia
(Details) (Details)
List of states
Capital:	Atlanta
State motto:	Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation (wisdom, justice and moderation)
Official language :	English
Surface:	153,909 km²
Residents:	10,310,371 (2016 estimated) (63 U / km²)
Member since:	January 2, 1788
Time zone:	UTC − 5 ( EST ) UTC − 4 (daylight saving time)
The highest point:	1,458 m (Brasstown Bald)
Average Height:	180 m
Deepest point:	0 m Atlantic Ocean
Governor :	Brian Kemp ( R )
Post  / Office /  ISO	GA / GA / US-GA
Georgia map
Geographic map of Georgia

Georgia ( English pronunciation  [ ˈdʒɔɹdʒə ] ), officially English State of Georgia , is a federal state in the southeast of the United States of America (USA). Georgia was founded in 1732 as the last of the Thirteen Colonies and on January 2, 1788, the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . On January 19, 1861, he broke away from the United States and was one of the eleven Confederate States of America until 1865 . Georgia was named after George II . The nickname is Peach State (peach state).

geography

Geographical location

The north of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains . The highest point in the state is Brasstown Bald (1,458 m). The coastline on the Atlantic is 161 km.

Extension of the national territory

Georgia has a length of 370 km in the west-east direction between 81 ° W to 85 ° 53'W and in the north-south direction a latitude of 480 km between 30 ° 31'N to 35 ° N.

Neighbore states

Georgia is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the US state of South Carolina to the northeast , the states of North Carolina and Tennessee to the north, the state of Alabama to the west, and the state of Florida to the south .

The border with South Carolina, beginning on the Atlantic Ocean, is formed by the Savannah River - to the point where the Tugaloo River and Seneca River converge and form the Savannah River. To the west of it, the Tugaloo forms the border between Georgia and South Carolina. The Chattooga River , a tributary of the Tugaloo, forms the wider border with South Carolina . The Savannah River is dammed up at several reservoirs, especially in its upper reaches. Originally the valley path of the river formed the border between Georgia and South Carolina, but due to the damming of the lakes, it is no longer recognizable in many places. The South Carolina border is the only Georgia formed entirely by water and was established in the Treaty of Beaufort in 1797 .

In the northeasternmost county, Rabun County , the border begins with North Carolina, which runs from there strictly westward along the 35th parallel. About half of this northern border of the state of Georgia is formed by the border with North Carolina, the other half by the border with Tennessee , which was a territory of North Carolina until it became independent. Georgia borders Chattanooga to the northwest . A little further west, the border makes a sharp turn to the south. Alabama is west of the border. In the northern half, the border runs in a straight line south-southeast until it reaches the Chattahoochee River at West Point , which henceforth forms the border in the southern half. This is also the border between two time zones: Eastern Time in Georgia and Central Time in Alabama .

The southern border with Florida extends from the confluence of the Flint River and Chattahoochee River (which flows further south on the Florida side as the Apalachicola River ) in an easterly direction. At first the border is straight, in the east it follows the course of the St. Mary's River into the Atlantic.

structure

Georgia is divided into 159 counties . This makes Georgia the state with the second highest number of counties after Texas with 254 counties.

→ Main article : List of counties in Georgia

Natural monuments

The ruins of Dungeness in the Cumberland Island National Seashore (2005)

The National Park Service has a National Scenic Trail , a National Historic Trail , a National Recreation Area , a National Seashore and three National Heritage Areas for Georgia :

• Appalachian Trail
• Path of tears
• Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area
• Cumberland Island National Seashore
• Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
• Augusta Canal National Heritage Area
• Gullah / Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor

There are also eleven National Natural Landmarks (as of September 30, 2017).

Cultural monuments

Tomb of Martin Luther King and Coretta Scott King in Martin Luther King Jr.National Historical Park (2012)

Georgia has three National Monuments , a National Military Park , a National Battlefield Park , two National Historic Sites, and a National Historical Park :

• Fort Frederica
• Fort Pulaski
• Ocmulgee
• Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
• Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park
• Andersonville National Historic Site
• Jimmy Carter National Historic Site
• Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park

In addition, there are 49 National Historic Landmarks and 2,141 buildings and sites that are registered on the National Register of Historic Places (as of September 30, 2017).

population

Population density

Georgia has 9,687,653 residents (as of 2010), of which 55.9% white , 30.5% African American , 8.8% Hispanic or Latino , 3.2% Asian American and 0.3% American Indian . Georgia ranks 9th among the states by population. There are 3,540,690 households.

Religions

The most important religious communities in 2000 were the Southern Baptist Convention with 1,719,484 members, the United Methodist Church with 570,674 members and the Catholic Church with 374,185 members.

There are many other denominations , mainly Protestant ones .

Biggest cities

The cities of Georgia with a population of 50,000 or more, as per the 2010 census, are :

• List of places in Georgia

Population development
Census	Residents		± in%
1790	82,548		-
1800	162,686		97.1%
1810	251,407		54.5%
1820	340.989		35.6%
1830	516,823		51.6%
1840	691.392		33.8%
1850	906.185		31.1%
1860	1,057,286		16.7%
1870	1,184,109		12%
1880	1,542,181		30.2%
1890	1,837,353		19.1%
1900	2,216,331		20.6%
1910	2,609,121		17.7%
1920	2,895,832		11%
1930	2,908,506		0.4%
1940	3,123,723		7.4%
1950	3,444,578		10.3%
1960	3,943,116		14.5%
1970	4,589,575		16.4%
1980	5,463,105		19%
1990	6,478,216		18.6%
2000	8,186,453		26.4%
2010	9,687,653		18.3%
Before 1900 1900–1990 2000 2010

history

The first Europeans were the Spaniard Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón , who founded the first colony near the island of St. Catherine's Island in 1526 , and Hernando de Soto , who came to the coast of Georgia in 1540 and explored the region. At that time, the indigenous peoples of the Hitchiti , Muskogee (or Creek) and Yamasee had long lived in Georgia .

In 1566 the Spaniards founded Santa Catalina . The conflict between Spain and England broke out around 1670 when the English from North Carolina and the Spanish from South Florida met. The British named the country Georgia in honor of their King George II . In 1680 they were able to occupy Santa Catalina, Spain.

On November 17, 1732, the English adventurer James Oglethorpe drove to Georgia with 120 comrades to found the first British settlement in Georgia. He and 114 colonists reached Yamacraw Bluff on February 12, 1733 and founded the city of Savannah and thus Georgia. Later other people joined the settlement, such as Salzburger and Schotten. After bloody battles with the Spaniards and internal disputes, the colony received a royal governor in 1752 and a provincial legislature in 1755. In 1776 Georgia was able to break away from the British and became autonomous.

Georgia was one of the 13 colonies that revolted against British rule in North America ( War of Independence ). It joined the United States on January 2, 1788 as the fourth state. In 1798, Georgia became the last of the US states to ban the slave trade , but not the use of slaves . In 1802, it left its claims to the land beyond today's western border to the Union in return for compensation. Conflicts over land settlement for the Creek and Cherokee , which were shipped west into Indian Territory, arose between the federal and state governments in 1838 but were peacefully resolved.

During the Civil War (1861-1865) Georgia was a member of the Confederate States of America and suffered badly from the effects of the war. The Union General Sherman had made a campaign of conquest through Georgia (from Atlanta to Savannah) at the end of 1864, devastating most of the cities and regions that lay on his way.

At the end of 1946 / beginning of 1947 Georgia went through a constitutional crisis and for a short time had three governors: Melvin Thompson, lieutenant governor of Georgia, election winner Herman Talmadge and the outgoing governor Ellis Arnall fought over the office, Talmadge even resorted to military means. The Georgia Supreme Court finally ended the bizarre conflict. In the 1960s and 1970s there were protests by supporters of the civil rights movement , which fought against the racial segregation that was prevalent at the time . From the point of view of the fighters for equality, Georgia was one of the most backward states in the United States. It was not until June 1967 that the state was forced by the Supreme Court to become one of the last states in the USA to lift the ban on mixed marriages . Until then, non-whites were forbidden to marry whites.

Atlanta has experienced an economic and demographic boom in the past few decades. After the airport was expanded in 1980, Hartsfield – Jackson Airport developed into one of the world's largest airports; in terms of the number of passengers (as of 2012), it is the world's largest and has contributed to the boom. UPS has been based in Atlanta since 1991 . An external sign of the economic upswing was the completion of the Bank of America Plaza in 1992 , the tallest building in Atlanta and the tallest in the USA outside of New York City or Chicago . The International Olympic Committee awarded the 1996 Summer Olympics to the city in 1990 .

politics

Georgia State Capitol (2016)

Presidential election results

year	republican	Democrats
2016	51.05% 2,089,104	45.89% 1,877,963
2012	53.40% 2,070,221	45.44% 1,761,761
2008	52.20% 2,048,744	47.00% 1,844,137
2004	57.97% 1,914,254	41.37% 1,366,149
2000	54.67% 1,419,720	42.98% 1,116,230
1996	47.01% 1,080,843	45.84% 1,053,849
1992	42.88% 995.252	43.47% 1,008,966
1988	59.75% 1,081,331	39.50% 714.792
1984	60.17% 1,068,722	39.79% 706.628
1980	40.95% 654.168	55.76% 890.733
1976	32.96% 483,743	66.74% 979.409
1972	75.04% 881.496	24.65% 289,529
1968 *	30.40% 380.111	26.75% 334,440
1964	54.12% 616,584	41.15% 522.557
1960	37.43% 274.472	62.54% 458.638
1956	32.65% 216.652	66.48% 441.094
1952	30.34% 198.979	69.66% 456.823
1948	18.31% 76.691	60.81% 254,646
1944	18.25% 59.880	81.74% 268.187
1940	14.83% 46.360	84.85% 265.194
* George Wallace from the American Independent Party won with 42.83% or 535,550 votes

The state only developed into the Red State at the end of the 20th century . It therefore stands out from most of the other southern states , who made this development an average of ten years earlier. In the first hundred years since the Republican Party was founded in 1854, it did not win a single presidential election in Georgia. It did so for the first time in 1964 , when, in the south, despite the overwhelming victory of Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson , the rise of the Republicans began. After that, the Democrats were able to win the elections in Georgia in 1976 and 1980 , when Jimmy Carter, the former governor of Georgia, and most recently in 1992 with Bill Clinton from the southern state of Arkansas . Since the 1990s, the Republicans have also provided the US Senators of Georgia, who were otherwise traditionally Democrats; Senator Zell Miller also appeared as a Democrat in the Republican nominating convention in 2004 on to John Kerry politically embarrass. The current senators are David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler . Georgia's delegation to the 116th Congress House of Representatives consists of nine Republicans and five Democrats.

With the liberalization of the Democratic Party at federal level, it is becoming increasingly difficult for it to achieve success in the conservative area of ​​the Deep South . In the Electoral College Georgia in 1988 twelve presented, in 1992 then 13 and 2004 15 electors. In 2012 there were 16 for the first time.

Governors and lieutenant governors

The current governor is Republican politician Brian Kemp . Its lieutenant governor is Geoff Duncan .

• List of Georgia governors
• List of lieutenant governors of Georgia

congress

• List of US Senators from Georgia
• List of Georgia Congressmen

death penalty

In Georgia, the death penalty is part of the law. It is imposed and continues to be carried out. Georgia ranks sixth among the most executed death sentences in the United States. (To Texas, Oklahoma, Virginia, Florida, and Missouri). During Governor Nathan Deal's tenure, a relatively large number (19 of 65 [as of May 2016]) death sentences were carried out. In 2015 and 2016, only Texas carried out more death sentences.

Number of executions per year:

year	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1991	1993	1994	1995	1996	1998	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2014	2015	2016
number	1	2	3	1	5	1	1	1	2	1	2	2	1	4th	4th	3	2	3	1	3	3	2	4th	1	2	5	7th

State symbols

Since April 24, 1979, the official anthem of the state is " Georgia on My Mind " by Hoagy Carmichael and Stuart Gorrell .

Economy and Infrastructure

Real gross domestic product per capita (per capita GDP) was USD 50,955 in 2016 (national average of the 50 US states: USD 57,118; national ranking: 31). Georgia was the richest southern state, but it was still below the national average. The unemployment rate was 4.3% in November 2017 (national average: 4.1%).

In 1892 the Coca-Cola Company was founded in Georgia. Atlanta is also the headquarters of the airlines Delta Air Lines and AirTran , as well as the news channel CNN . At the end of the 1990s and at the beginning of the new millennium, many companies were drawn to Georgia because of the low tax rate.

In "Peach State" Georgia cotton , rice , tobacco , sugar cane , peanuts and various kinds of fruits are grown. In the cities there are predominantly textile , wood and food industries .

traffic

I-75 and I-85 on the same route in Atlanta's Downtown

Sidney Lanier Bridge in Brunswick

MARTA local train

Public transportation is handled by the state's Department of Transportation , the Georgia Department of Transportation . Several interstate highways run through Georgia . I-75 , which runs from the Great Lakes to Florida , runs north-south . On March 18, 1998, the Georgia House of Representatives passed a resolution to name a northern section of I-75 after Larry McDonald ( Larry McDonald Memorial Highway ). McDonald was a Democratic member of the US House of Representatives and was killed when the Soviet Union shot down a Korean Airlines plane on September 1, 1983 . Other interstates in Georgia include Interstate 85 from Virginia to Alabama and Interstate 20 from Texas to South Carolina. I-20, I-75 and I-85 intersect in Atlanta and partially form a city ring. In addition, Interstate 95 , which runs from Maine to Florida along the east coast of the USA, and Interstate 16 from Savannah to Mason through Georgia. The latter connection is located exclusively in the state and ultimately connects the seaport of Savannah via Mason and the I-75 with Atlanta. Smaller feeders make up the rest of the interstate network in Georgia.

A section of Interstate 75 north of Atlanta, GA is named for Democratic Representative Larry McDonald.

Hartsfield – Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) is by far not only the largest airport on the American east coast, but also one of the world's largest airports in terms of passengers . More than 90 million passengers are handled there every year. Besides Hartsfield-Jackson, only the Savannah / Hilton Head International Airport is of international importance. Other commercial domestic airports are located in Augusta , Columbus , Albany , Macon , Brunswick , Valdosta and Athens .

The Georgia Ports Authority is responsible for port operations in the two larger seaports of Georgia, the port of Savannah and the one in Brunswick. The Port of Savannah is a deep water port and one of the largest on the US east coast. The port of Brunswick is one of the leading ports in the USA for handling automobiles (both import and export).

The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA for short) is the state's most important local transit system. Initially founded as a bus network in 1971, it now also has a 77-kilometer-long rapid transit network with 38 stations. MARTA operates almost exclusively in the two counties of Fulton and DeKalb . The Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is also connected. In 2009 around 482,000 passengers used the bus and train network every day.

Public facilities

Georgia is home to a number of United States Armed Forces facilities, including Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay , one of the larger submarine bases on the American east coast. Other military facilities include Fort Stewart , Hunter Army Airfield , Fort Benning with the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (formerly School of the Americas ), Moody Air Force Base , Robins Air Force Base , Naval Air Station Atlanta , Fort McPherson , Fort Gillem , Fort Gordon , Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany , Dobbins Air Reserve Base, and United States Coast Guard bases in Savannah and Brunswick.

media

The CNN Center in Atlanta

According to calculations by Nielsen Media Research, the Atlanta metropolitan area is the ninth-largest media market in the United States. The other larger media markets, on the other hand, fall significantly in size: Savannah (rank 95), Augusta (rank 115) and Columbus (rank 127).

By far the largest daily newspaper in Georgia is Atlanta Journal-Constitution with a weekday circulation of 195,592 copies and a Sunday circulation of 397,925 copies (as of 2010). Other major daily newspapers include The Augusta Chronicle , Columbus Ledger-Enquirer , The Telegraph in Macon, and Savannah Morning News .

education

Major state colleges include the University of Georgia , Georgia State University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Georgia Southern University , Kennesaw State University , University of West Georgia, and Valdosta State University . The best known private college in Georgia is Emory University . Other colleges are included in the list of universities in Georgia .

Culture

The Springer Opera House , which opened in 1871, has been the State Theater of Georgia with the appointment of Jimmy Carter since 1971/72, confirmed by legislation in 1992.

literature

The rich cultural heritage of the Antebellum period, ie the period before the Civil War , has inspired a number of famous novels, including Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind , Alice Walker 's The Color Purple and Cold Sassy Tree by Olive Ann Burns .

A number of writers, poets, and screenwriters have lived in Georgia, including James Dickey , Flannery O'Connor , Sidney Lanier , Frank Yerby, and Lewis Grizzard .

Movie and TV

Georgia is one of the most popular filming locations in the United States thanks to 30% tax breaks. In 2012 Georgia shot 76 television series, specials, and films. Only in California in 2012 more television productions (215) were shot. Series like The Walking Dead , Drop Dead Diva and the BET series are filmed in Georgia.

See also

• List of National Historic Landmarks in Georgia

literature

• Steven Otfinoski: Georgia. Marshall Cavendish, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-7614-4031-4 .
• Buddy Sullivan: Georgia: A State History. Arcadia, Charleston 2003, ISBN 978-0-7385-8589-5 .
• Georgia. Capstone, Mankato 2000, ISBN 1-56065-473-2 .
• Kenneth Coleman (Ed.): A History of Georgia. Second edition. University of Georgia, Athens 1991, ISBN 0-8203-1268-1 .

Web links

Commons : Georgia  - collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

Wiktionary: Georgia  - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations

Wikivoyage: Georgia  Travel Guide

• Official site of the State of Georgia (English)
• Official German language website of the Georgia Department of Industry Trade & Tourism
• Digital Library of Georgia , et al. a. The Georgia Official and Statistical Register

Individual evidence

1. ↑ www.census.gov
2. ^ Georgia. In: nps.gov. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
3. ^ Georgia. In: nps.gov. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
4. ↑ US Census Bureau
5. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of April 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ ^{a b} U.S. Census Bureau - 2010 Census Data. Retrieved December 22, 2015 . 
7. ↑ US Census Bureau - Census of Population and Housing . Retrieved February 28, 2011.
8. ↑ Extract from Census.gov . Retrieved February 28, 2011.
9. ↑ Excerpt from factfinder.census.gov ( memento of June 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved on February 28, 2011.
10. ↑ www.270towin.com
11. ^ STANDARD Verlagsgesellschaft mbH: Police murderer executed in the US state of Georgia . In: derStandard.at . ( derstandard.at [accessed on October 20, 2016]).
12. ^ US Department of Commerce, BEA, Bureau of Economic Analysis: Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved August 27, 2017 (American English). 
13. ^ Unemployment Rates for States. Retrieved January 8, 2018 . 
14. ↑ Atlanta Airport sets the world record. aerotelegraph.com, accessed November 13, 2017 . 
15. ^ Georgia Encyclopedia. Public-Use Airports, accessed June 27, 2011 . 
16. ^ Christie Dawson: Public Transportation Ridership Report. (PDF) American Public Transit Association, archived from the original January 17, 2013 ; Retrieved August 8, 2009 . 
17. ↑ 210 Designated Market Areas . Nielsen Media. Archived from the original on May 17, 2006. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
18. ↑ AJC circulation continues to fall . In: Atlanta Business Chronicle , American City Business Journals, April 26, 2010. 
19. ^ The State Theater , Georgia Secretary of State; accessed November 13, 2017.
20. ↑ Overview of literature on www.georgiaencyclopedia.org , accessed on October 27, 2013.
21. ↑ Alex Ben Block ( The Hollywood Reporter , March 28, 2014): How Georgia Toppled Louisiana in Attracting TV Productions , accessed March 29, 2014.

Coordinates: 32 ° 41 ′  N , 83 ° 25 ′  W