Gisekia
| Gisekia | ||||||||||||
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Gisekia pharnaceoides , illustration |
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Gisekiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Nakai | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Gisekia | ||||||||||||
| L. |
Gisekia is a genus of plants in the monogeneric family of Gisekiaceae in the order of the carnation-like (Caryophyllales). This small family is common in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Gisekia species are annual to perennial herbaceous plants . The stems are prostrate to creeping. The mostly opposite, seldom alternate or (pseudo) whorlily arranged leaves on the stems are simple and more or less succulent . There are white lines from raphids on the leaf surfaces. Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
The axillary or terminal, dichasial branched inflorescences are composed of doldigen partial inflorescences . The mostly hermaphrodite or rarely functionally unisexual flowers are five-fold and radial symmetry . There are five free sepals . Petals are missing. The five to 20 stamens are free. The 5 to 15 upper carpels are only fused at their base and each contain only one ovule . Each warty and black fruit ( achenes ) contains only one seed. They black seeds are swollen kidney-shaped.
The basic chromosome number is x = 9.
ingredients
There are anthocyanins and betalines . Calcium oxalate crystals accumulate as raphides and can be seen as white lines on the leaves and fruits. It was C4 demonstrated -Photosynthese.
Systematics and distribution
The first publication of the generic name Gisekia , but written Gisechia , took place in 1771 by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum Altera , Generum editionis VI, p. 554. Type species is Gisekia pharnaceoides L. A synonym for Gisekia L. is Miltus Lour. The Gisekiaceae family was listed by Takenoshin Nakai in Journal of Japanese Botany , Volume 18, p. 102 in 1942 . With the botanical generic name Gisekia , Carl von Linné honors his pupil and close friend, the German botanist Paul Dietrich Giseke .
The genus was previously placed in other families of the order of the carnation-like (Caryophyllales), such as the Phytolaccaceae , the Aizoaceae or the Molluginaceae . Within the order of the Caryophyllales , the Gisekiaceae are now in a clade with other betalain-containing families: Aizoaceae, Sarcobataceae , Phytolaccaceae and Nyctaginaceae .
The species have their areas on the Arabian Peninsula, in Africa (five species) and Asia (two species); in North America one species is a neophyte .
There are five to seven types of Gisekia :
- Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze (Syn .: Gisekia aspera Klotzsch , Gisekia miltus Fenzl , Gisekia pentadecandra E.Mey. Ex Moq. , Gisekia pierrei Gagnepain ): With three varieties. It occurs from southern Somalia to northern Kenya, from southern Tanzania with Zanzibar to tropical and southern Africa and from Hainan to Indochina.
- Gisekia diffusa M.G. Gilbert : It occurs from Ethiopia to northern Kenya.
- Gisekia haudica M.G.Gilbert : The homeland is Ethiopia and Somalia .
- Gisekia paniculata Hauman : It occurs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Gisekia pharnaceoides L. (Syn .: Gisekia congesta Moq. , Gisekia linearifolia Schumach. & Thonn. , Gisekia molluginoides Wight , Gisekia rubella Moq. ): With two varieties. It has a wide distribution on coasts from Africa to Indochina; in Florida she is a neophyte.
- Gisekia polylopha M.G. Gilbert : It only thrives in Somalia at altitudes between 170 and 235 meters.
- Gisekia scabridula M.G. Gilbert : It occurs in Somalia.
swell
- The family of Gisekiaceae in APWebsite. (Sections systematics and description)
- Mark A. Nienaber & John W. Thieret: Phytolaccaceae : Gisekia , p. 11 - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 4 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2003. ISBN 0-19-517389-9 (sections description and systematics)
- Dequan Lu & Heidrun EK Hartmann Molluginaceae : Gisekia , p. 437 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27-X (Description and Occurrence Sections)
- Yasin J. Nasir: Aizoaceae in the Flora of West Pakistan , Volume 41, Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College (inter alia), Rawalpindi 1973 .: Gisekiaceae and Gisekia - online at Tropicos.org of the Missouri Botanical Garden. (Section description)
- ML Gonçalves: Molluginaceae in the Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 4, 1978 (section description)
Individual evidence
- ^ Carl von Linné scanned in at Gallica in 1771 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gisekia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 21, 2020.
literature
- MG Gilbert: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae) , in Kew Bulletin , 48, Issue 2, 1993, pp. 343-356.
- Nasr M. Sayed Hassan, Heidrun EK Hartmann & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: Conspectus of Aizoaceae, Gisekiaceae and Molluginaceae of Egypt and the Sudan , in Feddes Repertorium , Volume 116, 2005, pp. 1-42. ( Abstract online. )
- Nasr M. Sayed Hassan, Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann: Seed coat morphology of Aizoaceae-Sesuvioideae, Gisekiaceae and Molluginaceae and its systematic significance , in Botanical Journal of the Linnean , Volume 148, Issue 2, 2005, pp. 189-206 .
