Ice flowers

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Ice flowers
Pleiospilos spec., Habit and flower

Pleiospilos spec., Habit and flower

Systematics
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Ice flowers
Scientific name
Aizoaceae
Martinov

The midday flowers (Aizoaceae) are a species-rich family of plants in the order of the carnation-like (Caryophyllales). Its main area of ​​distribution is southern Africa ( Capensis ). Many species are also native to Australia .

Some species and varieties are used as ornamental plants around the world . Many taxa are called " midday flowers " in German , and many other taxa are called " living stones ".

description

Carpobrotus edulis , flower

The midday flowers are annual or perennial plants ; it may herbaceous plants , semi-shrubs or shrubs to be. They are mostly succulent . They are C 4 or CAM plants . The leaves are mostly succulent, but there are also herbaceous leaves.

The radially symmetrical flowers are mostly hermaphroditic (some Tetragonia species are unisexual). Usually there are five (three to eight) sepals . The flowers usually contain many (3 to 200) stamens (= secondary polyandry ). Often sterile stamens ( staminodes ) are formed like a petal; these show organs are present in very different numbers from 1 to 120; real petals are usually not available. The flowers contain (one to) two to five (to twenty) carpels . The pollination is effected by diurnal insects ( Entomophilie ).

Usually capsule fruits or sometimes berries are formed that contain many (1 to 1000) seeds.

Systematics

Synonyms of the Aizoaceae family are: Ficoidaceae Juss. (nom. rej.), Mesembryanthemaceae Fenzl (nom. cons.), Sesuviaceae Horan. and Tetragoniaceae Lindl. (nom. cons).

The ice plant family is divided into four subfamilies with the following genera:

Subfamily Aizooideae: Aizoon canariense
Subfamily Aizooideae: Galenia pubescens
Subfamily Mesembryanthemoideae: Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
Subfamily Mesembryanthemoideae: Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Conicosia pugioniformis
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Conophytum bilobum
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Dorotheanthus apetalus
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Faucaria tigrina
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Fenestraria rhopalophylla subsp. aurantiaca
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Gibbaeum pubescens
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Lampranthus spectabilis
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Lapidaria margaretae
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Lithops karasmontana
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Ruschia macowanii
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Titanopsis primosii
Subfamily Ruschioideae: Trichodiadema calvatum
Subfamily Sesuvioideae: Sesuvium portulacastrum
Subfamily Sesuvioideae: Trianthema pilosa

literature

  • HEK Hartmann (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae AE . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41691-9 .
  • HEK Hartmann (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae FZ . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41723-0 .
  • Cornelia Klak, Angeline Khunou, Gail Reeves, Terry Hedderson: A phylogenetic hypothesis for the Aizoaceae (Caryophyllales) based on four plastid DNA regions . In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 90, 2003, pp. 1433-1445, (online).
  • Cornelia Klak, Peter V. Bruyns, Terry AJ Hedderson: Phylogeny and New Classification for Mesembryanthemoideae (Aizoaceae) . In: Taxon . Volume 56, Number 3, 2007, pp. 737-756, JSTOR: 25065858

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ HEK Hartmann (ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, Volume 1, p. 9.
  2. ↑ Cornelia Klak et al .: A phylogenetic hypothesis for the Aizoaceae (Caryophyllales) based on four plastid DNA regions . 2003, pp. 1442-1443
  3. ↑ HEK Hartmann (ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae . Springer, 2001, Volume 1, pp. IX-XI and Volume 2, pp. IX-XII.

Web links

Commons : Aizoaceae  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files