Phyllobolus

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Phyllobolus
Phyllobolus tenuiflorus

Phyllobolus tenuiflorus

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Midday flowers (Aizoaceae)
Subfamily : Mesembryanthemoideae
Genre : Phyllobolus
Scientific name
Phyllobolus
NEBr.

Phyllobolus is a plant kind from the family of aizoaceae (Aizoaceae).

description

The species of the genus Phyllobolus are prostrate or upright small shrubs or prostrate to prostrate geophytes with often thickened roots . The long or very shortened internodes are herbaceous, corked or lignified. The green bark usually contains additional vascular bundles. Their almost cylindrical or somewhat flattened leaves are arranged opposite to one another and briefly fused together at their base or become alternate on the inflorescence or are alternate on the whole plant. They are sloping, wither on the plant or persistent. Their central water-storing cells are only indistinctly different. The bladder cells of the internodes and deciduous leaves are usually mesomorphic and rarely slightly xeromorphic. They are usually clearly demarcated from one another, large or small, sometimes hair-like and only rarely indistinctly distinguishable and flat.

The flowers appear solitary or form cymes . They have a diameter of 10 to 40 millimeters. There are five, rarely four, sepals present. The various green, yellow, orange or red tinted or pink or almost white petals are fused with the sepals to form a short tube. Thread-like staminodes are present, the reproductive organs hidden. The nectaries are shell-shaped.

The five-compartment, rarely four-compartment capsule fruits usually have flap wings. The capsule fruits contain black or brown, D-shaped or rarely narrowly egg-shaped to elliptical seeds with a rough or rarely smooth seed coat . They are 1.1 to 1.8 millimeters long.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Phyllobolus is widespread in the Karoo in winter and summer rain areas in southern Namibia and the South African provinces of Eastern Cape , Free State , North Cape and Western Cape .

It was first described in 1925 by Nicholas Edward Brown . The genus Phyllobolus belongs to the subfamily Mesembryanthemoideae within the family of aizoaceae . The type species is Phyllobolus resurgens . A synonym of the genus is Dactylopsis N.E.Br.

The genus Phyllobolus includes the following species and subspecies:

Botanical history

The first description and the diagnosis of the genus, which was improved in 1926 by Nicholas Edward Brown, referred to some closely related species that are now listed as Phyllobolus resurgens . Louisa Bolus placed the species of the genus Phyllobolus in the genus Sphalmanthus also described by Nicholas Edward Brown . However, she overlooked the fact that the genus Phyllobolus was described seven days before the genus Sphalmanthus and therefore has priority according to the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature . This was only corrected in 1986 by Volker Bittrich , who also expanded the generic concept by including the genera Amoebophyllum , Aridaria , Prenia , Sceletium . Maike Gerbaulet showed that the genus is not monophyletic in this broad description, but can be divided into the four, well-defined genera Aridaria , Phyllobolus , Prenia and Sceletium , including Amoebophyllum , Dactylopsis and Sphalmanthus .

proof

literature

  • Gideon Smith et al. a. (Ed.): Mesembs of the World: Illustrated Guide to a Remarkable Succulent Group . Briza Publications, 1998, ISBN 1-875093-13-3 , pp. 42 .
  • Heidrun EK Hartmann (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae FZ . Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41723-0 , pp. 203-205 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gardeners' Chronicle . 3rd episode, London 1925, Volume 78, p. 413.
  2. ↑ Heidrun EK Hartmann (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae FZ . Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41723-0 , pp. 205-217 .
  3. ↑ In: Edwin Percy Phillips: The Genera of South African Flowering Plants . 1st edition, Cape Times, 1926, p. 245.
  4. ↑ L. Bolus: Notes on Mesembryanthemum and allied genera . In: Journal of South African Botany . Volume 30, 1964, pp. 42-43.
  5. ↑ Volker Bittrich: Investigations on the inventory of characteristics, structure and delimitation of the subfamily Mesembryanthemoideae (Mesembryanthemaceae Fenzl). In: Messages from the Institute for General Botany in Hamburg. Volume 21, 1986, pp. 5-116.
  6. ↑ Maike Gerbaulet: Revision of the genus Phyllobolus NEBr. (Aizoaceae) . In: Botanical yearbooks for systematics . Volume 119, 1997, pp. 145-211.

Web links

Commons : Mesembryanthemum  - Collection of Images