Tetragonia

Tetragonia
	Tetragonia echinata
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Midday flowers (Aizoaceae)
Subfamily :	Aizooideae
Genre :	Tetragonia
Scientific name
	Tetragonia
	L.

Tetragonia is a genus of plants fromthe afternoon flower family (Aizoaceae). The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words "τέτρα" (tetra) for four and "γόνος" (gonos) for reproduction and refers to the four-angled or four-winged fruits of many species.

description

The species of the genus Tetragonia are annual to perennial plants with herbaceous or woody branches. Their internodes are mostly covered with papillae to varying degrees in the youth stage . The leaves are often opposite at the base, but mostly arranged alternately. The leaf stalk is short to long, the leaf blade ovate to almost linear and the leaf tip often blunt. The epidermis has papillae of various shapes.

The individual flowers form small to larger cymes or well-defined elongated cymes, each individual flower bearing a bract . This inflorescence then often looks grape. The cymes often sit on an inflorescence stalk from which one or more flower stalks appear cluster-shaped. The perigone is usually four-lobed, the ovary below. Stamens are usually twice as many as perigone lobes.

The fruits are winged, toothed or tubercular, woody nuts with several chambers in which the pear-shaped seeds lie on top of each other.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Tetragonia is found in tropical areas around the world. In the southern hemisphere it also occurs in drier areas. Many species grow in the sand near the sea, some in rocky terrain.

The first scientific description was published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The holotype is Tetragonia fruticosa . In the past, the genre was subdivided several times into sub-genres, sections and series, for example in 1803 by Adrian Hardy Haworth , in 1828 by Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach and in 1955 by Robert Stephen Adamson (1885-1965).

Tetragonia decumbens

Tetragonia eremaea

Tetragonia implexicoma

Tetragonia ovata

New Zealand spinach ( Tetragonia tetragonoides )

Habitat with New Zealand spinach ( Tetragonia tetragonoides ) on Maui ( Hawaii )

According to Heidrun Hartmann , the genus Tetragonia includes the following species:

Tetragonia acanthocarpa Adamson
Tetragonia angustifolia Barnéoud
Tetragonia arbuscula Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond. : It occurs in Namibia and in South Africa.
Tetragonia arbusculoides Engl.
Tetragonia borealis Batt. & Trot.
Tetragonia caesia Adamson
Tetragonia calycina Fenzl
Tetragonia chenopodioides Eckl. & Zeyh.
Tetragonia copiapina Phil.
Tetragonia coronata Rye & Trudgen
Tetragonia cristata C.A. Gardner ex AMPrescott
Tetragonia crystallina L'Hér.
Tetragonia decumbens Mill.
Tetragonia diptera F. Muell.
Tetragonia distorta Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond.
Tetragonia echinata Aiton
Tetragonia erecta Adamson
Tetragonia eremaea Ostenf.
Tetragonia espinosae Muñoz
Tetragonia fruticosa L .: It occurs in Namibia and South Africa.
Tetragonia galenioides Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond.
Tetragonia glauca Fenzl
Tetragonia halimoides Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond.
Tetragonia haworthii Fenzl
Tetragonia herbacea L.
Tetragonia hirsuta L.f. : It occurs in South Africa.
Tetragonia implexicoma (Miq.) Hook.f.
Tetragonia lanceolata Burm.f.
Tetragonia lasiantha Adamson
Tetragonia macrocarpa Phil.
Tetragonia macroptera Pax
Tetragonia maritima Barnéoud
Tetragonia microcarpa Phil.
Tetragonia microptera Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond.
Tetragonia namaquensis Schltr.
Tetragonia nigrescens Eckl. & Zeyh.
Tetragonia ovata Phil.
Tetragonia pedunculata Phil.
Tetragonia pentandra Balf.f.
Tetragonia pillansii Adamson
Tetragonia portulacoides Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond.
Tetragonia purpurea Otto ex Sweet
Tetragonia pusilla Phil.
Tetragonia rangeana Engl.
Tetragonia reduplicata Welw. ex Oliv.
Tetragonia retusa Thulin
Tetragonia robusta Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond.
Tetragonia rosea Schltr.
Tetragonia saligna Fenzl
Tetragonia sarcophylla Fenzl
Tetragoniaschenckii Schinz
Tetragonia sphaerocarpa Adamson
Tetragonia spicata L.f.
New Zealand spinach ( Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze ): It is native to Australia, New Zealand, Japan, China and Taiwan. It is a neophyte in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, South Africa, Portugal, Spain and Italy.
Tetragonia verrucosa Fenzl ex Harv. & Sond.
Tetragonia vestita I.M.Johnst.
Tetragonia virgata Schltr.

proof

literature

Heidrun EK Hartmann (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae FZ . Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41691-9 , pp. 316-327 .

Individual evidence

↑ Species Plantarum . 1st edition, Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1753, p. 480; on-line
↑ Heidrun EK Hartmann (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae FZ . Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41691-9 , pp. 316-327 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Tetragonia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 22, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Tetragonia - collection of images, videos and audio files

Tetragonia in the Australian Plant Name Index (APNI)

[1] Species Plantarum . 1st edition, Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1753, p. 480; on-line

[2] Heidrun EK Hartmann (Ed.): Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae FZ . Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41691-9 , pp. 316-327 .

[GRIN-3] Tetragonia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 22, 2018.