New Zealander spinach
| New Zealander spinach | ||||||||||||
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New Zealand spinach ( Tetragonia tetragonoides ) |
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| Tetragonia tetragonoides | ||||||||||||
| ( Pall. ) Kuntze |
The New Zealand Spinach ( Tetragonia tetragonoides ) is a plant of the genus Tetragonia within the family of aizoaceae (Aizoaceae). Spinach, which also occurs in Australia, is also called Botany Bay greens , Warrigal greens and native spinach there. botanical generic name Tetragonia and the specific epithet tetragonoides are derived from the Greek words "τέτρα" (tetra) for four and "γόνος" (gonos) for reproduction and refer to the four-winged fruits.
description
New Zealand spinach grows as an annual herbaceous plant . With runners , the New Zealander spinach can form a carpet, hang down or climb through the existing vegetation, depending on the environment. Like other types of ice flower, it is covered on leaves and stems with small, fluid-filled vesicles that glitter like ice crystals. The light green, triangular leaves are 3 to 15 centimeters long.
The small flowers are yellow. The flowering period is from August to December. The woody fruits are four-winged and contain numerous seeds.
ecology
Tetragonia tetragonoides is a therophyte and a halophyte . The seeds are spread by wind and water.
Occurrence
Tetragonia tetragonoides is native to the edges of salt marshes and sheltered locations on the coasts of southern and western Australia , New Zealand, and Tasmania . Tetragonia tetragonoides thrives well on salty soils .
It was introduced as a cultivated plant in Japan and South America. The plant reached Europe at the end of the 18th century. Joseph Banks took them to Kew Gardens . From there it spread across Europe. The plant is grown in Germany as a leaf vegetable in allotment gardens.
The New Zealander spinach is a neophyte found in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, South Africa, Portugal, Spain, and Italy.
Systematics
The species was first described in 1781 by Peter Simon Pallas as Demidovia tetragonoides . Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze placed them in the genus Tetragonia in 1891 . He made a typo. He wrote both the Basionym , with Demidovia tetragoniodes , and the new species name, Tetragonia tetragoniodes , wrong.
use
The young shoot tips are used in a similar way to spinach , but have a more intense taste. They can be used raw and cooked.
James Cook noticed on his trip with the Endeavor that the Māori occasionally used the plant as a leaf vegetable and had the leaves collected, boiled and soured as a remedy for scurvy .
There is evidence that the Maori ate the type of plant called kōkihi more often and cooked it together with the roots of winds ( pōhue ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Warrigal Spinach . In: Southern Australia Native Food Association undated, accessed March 10, 2020
- ↑ a b c d e Tetragonia tetragonoides on the website of the Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, accessed December 27, 2014 ( Memento of the original from February 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology: Little-known types of vegetables. Saxon State Government, 2nd edition, Dresden 2013.
- ↑ J. Becker-Dillingen: Handbuch des Allgemeine Gemüsebau. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin / Hamburg 1938.
- ^ Tetragonia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
- ^ PS Pallas: In: Enumeratio Plantarum Quae in Horti viri Illustris Atque Excell. Petropoli (St. Petersburg) 1781, pp. 150–157.
- ^ O. Kuntze: In: Revisio generum plantarum . Volume 1, Leipzig 1891, p. 264 ( online )
- ^ T. Low: Wild Food Plants of Australia. Angus & Robertson, 1991, ISBN 0-207-16930-6
- ↑ Riley, Murdoch: Maori Healing and Herbal. Viking Sevenseas NZ Ltd., Paraparaumu 1994 pp. 7-10. ISBN 0854670955 .
