Bruniaceae

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Bruniaceae
Berzelia lanuginosa

Berzelia lanuginosa

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Bruniales
Family : Bruniaceae
Scientific name
Bruniaceae
R.Br. ex DC.

The Bruniaceae are a plant family in the order of the Bruniales within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). This family includes about twelve genera with about 75 species .

Spread and evolution

The species of this family occur exclusively in the flora of the Cape flora , with the exception of one species only in the South African provinces of the Western and Eastern Cape , i.e. the Cape flora region; only the species Raspalia trigyna , which thrives on the “Msikaba sandstone formation”, is also found outside this area in a small habitat in the south of the province of KwaZulu-Natal . These species are typical elements of the fynbos vegetation. Some species are even endemic to the sandstone areas of Table Mountain near Cape Town.

Pollen finds show that it is an old family that already existed in the early Tertiary and late Cretaceous periods , i.e. between 65 and 97.5 million years ago. The main development period of the family was between 18 and 3 million years ago, at the same time the Mediterranean climate prevailing in this area also emerged. The Bruniaceae wood type is very original, but the other characteristics are not.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Bruniaceae are evergreen, small and hard-leaved (“heather-like”, “ericoide”) shrubs , rarely trees . The (mostly five-lined) alternate , entire , parallel- veined leaves have glands at the top . Stipules appear at most in the form of glandular hairs .

Audouinia capitata
Heady inflorescences of Berzelia lanuginosa
Brunia noduliflora

Generative characteristics

The flowers are rarely solitary, but mostly in spike-like or capillary inflorescences and are often surrounded by bracts . The mostly small, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and four or five-fold . The petals are usually nailed. There is only one circle with four or five arrow-shaped stamens , which are often fused with the petals (except for Audouinia ). Usually two, or only when Audouinia three carpels are one, usually under constant ovary connate, rarely is only one carpel available ( Berzelia , Mniothamnea ).

There are schizocarps (similar achenes or seeded nuts ) or fruit capsules formed, to which the cup is maintained often. The very small seeds are often surrounded by an aril .

The chromosome numbers are n = 10-11 (21, 23).

Systematics

The Bruniaceae family was first published in 1825 by Robert Brown in Augustin Pyrame de Candolle : Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , 2, p. 43. The type genus is Brunia Lam. whose botanical name honors the English ship's doctor Alexander Brown (fl. 1692-1698).

According to APG III and RC Winkworth et al. In 2008 the two families Bruniaceae and Columelliaceae are reactivated in the order Bruniales Dum. posed. The position of these two families in the system has long been debated. For example, at Backlund 1996 they were placed among the Dipsacales.

A synonym for Bruniaceae R.Br. ex DC. is Berzeliaceae Nakai .

Tribe and genera

The Bruniaceae family includes three tribes with about twelve genera and about 75 species .

  • Tribe Linconieae Quint & Class.-Bockh. : It is at the base in the cladogram . With the only genus:
  • Tribus Audouinieae: With three genera:
    • Audouinia Brongn. : With about five species.
    • Thamnea Sol. ex Brongn. : With about seven species.
    • Tittmannia Brongn. : With about four types.
  • Tribe Brunieae Quint & Class.-Bockh. : With about eight genera:
    • Berzelia Brongn. : With about eight species.
    • Brunia Lam. : (sometimes called snow bushes) With about 7-37 species. Note that Linnaeusunderstood Brunia nodiflora to meantoday's Widdringtonia nodiflora (L.) Powrie . Brunia nodiflora auct. non L., on the other hand, is better known today as Brunia noduliflora Goldblatt & JC Manning .
    • Lonchostoma Wikstr. : With about five species.
    • Mniothamnea (olive) Nied. (up to four species are also put to Brunia )
    • Nebelia Neck. ex Sweet : With about six species.
    • Pseudobaeckea Nied. : With about three types.
    • Raspalia Brongn. : With about eleven species.
    • Staavia Dahl : With about nine species.

use

Brunia albiflora is used as a cut flower.

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Bruniaceae Berchtold & J. Presl on Steven's Angiosperm Phylogeny website .
  2. ↑ R.Br. ex DC .: Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Volume 2: Calyciflorarum Ordines X. Treuttel et Würtz, Paris 1825, p. 43: Scanned at botanicus.org.
  3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  4. ↑ Birgitta Bremer, Kåre Bremer, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, James L. Reveal, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Peter F. Stevens et al., Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 161, No. 2, 2009, ISSN  0024-4074 , pp. 105-121, doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
  5. ^ Richard C. Winkworth, Johannes Lundberg, Michael J. Donoghue: Towards a resolution of campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales. In: Taxon. Vol. 57, No. 1, 2008, ISSN  0040-0262 , pp. 53-65.
  6. ^ A b c d Bruniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Bruniaceae  - collection of images, videos and audio files