Columelliaceae

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Columelliaceae
Illustration of Desfontainia spinosa

Illustration of Desfontainia spinosa

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Bruniales
Family : Columelliaceae
Scientific name
Columelliaceae
D. Don

The Columelliaceae are a family of plants in the order of the Bruniales . The species of this family occur in Costa Rica and in western South America in the Andes . The family includes only (one or) two genera with only (four to) about seven species .

description

Branch with leathery leaves and flowers of Desfontainia spinosa

They grow as evergreen trees or shrubs . The opposite leaves are simple. The leaf margins of Columellia species are smooth or serrated and the leaf blade is clearly asymmetrical. The leaf margins of Desfontainia spinosa are thorny and so their leaves resemble those of the holly ( Ilex ). Stipules are missing.

The flowers are single or few in terminal, zymous inflorescences together. The hermaphroditic, more or less zygomorphic flowers are (four to eight) usually five-fold. The (four to eight) mostly five sepals only overlap or are fused. The (four to eight) mostly five petals are fused with a tubular corolla tube and a significantly longer corolla lobe. The color of the petals is yellow in Columellia species and scarlet red in Desfontainia . There is only one stamen circle ; the inner one is missing. In Columellia species there are only two mutually free, clearly unequal, fertile stamens; they are fused with the base of the petals. In Desfontainia there are five free, fertile stamens . In Columellia TYPES two are carpels to under permanent ovary grown. In Desfontainia , three to five carpels have grown together to form an upper ovary. There are many ovules .

In Columellia TYPES be fruit capsules formed. In Desfontainia , a fleshy, white to yellow berry is formed, on which a calyx is still clearly visible.

Systematics

The position of the Columelliaceae family has long been disputed. So it was placed among the Rosales (Cronquist 1981) or the Hydrangeales (Takhtajan 1997). Desfontainia spinosa was classified by some authors in its own family Desfontainiaceae or counted as part of the Loganiaceae family . Supported by molecular genetic studies, both were combined in the third version of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system .

The Columelliaceae family comprises two genera with only a few species :

  • Columellia Ruíz & Pavón : The four to five species only thrive in the Andes at altitudes of 1600 to 3600 meters, only from Colombia to Bolivia . The wood is processed into furniture, for example. The following types are recognized:
    • Columellia lucida Danguy & Cherm. : It occurs from Colombia to Peru.
    • Columellia oblonga Ruiz & Pav .: It occurs in three subspecies in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru:
      • Columellia oblonga subsp. oblonga : It occurs in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.
      • Columellia oblonga subsp. sericea (Kunth) Brizicky : It occurs in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
      • Columellia oblonga subsp. serrata (Rusby) Brizicky : It occurs only in western Bolivia.
    • Columellia obovata Ruiz & Pav .: It occurs from southeast Ecuador to Bolivia.
    • Columellia subsessilis Schltr. : It occurs in Bolivia.
    • Columellia weberbaueri Schltr. : It occurs in Peru.
  • Desfontainia Ruíz & Pavón : For some authors there are three types, for other authors only the following very variable type:

According to R. Govaerts (WCSP), this genus includes three species:

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Columelliaceae on the AP website - Angiosperm Phylogeny website.
  2. ↑ a b c d Columelliaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz.
  3. ↑ a b c d Description of the Desfontainiaceae family in DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz.
  4. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, ISSN  0024-4074 , pp. 105-121, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Columelliaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 2, 2019.
  6. ↑ JLR Every, 2009: Neotropical Columelliaceae In: W. Milliken, B. Klitgård, & A. Baracat, (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.
  7. ↑ a b JLR Every, 2009: Neotropical Desfontainiaceae In: W. Milliken, B. Klitgård, & A. Baracat, (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.

further reading

  • Anders Backlund, Birgitta Bremer: Phylogeny of the Asteridae s. st. based on rbcL sequences, with particular reference to the dipsacales. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Vol. 207, No. 3/4, 1997, ISSN  0378-2697 , pp. 225-254, doi : 10.1007 / BF00984390 .

Web links

Commons : Columelliaceae  - collection of images, videos and audio files