Ixonanthaceae
Ixonanthaceae | ||||||||||||
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Phyllocosmus africanus , illustration |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Ixonanthaceae | ||||||||||||
Planch. ex Miq. |
The Ixonanthaceae are a family of plants in the order of the Malpighia-like (Malpighiales). The five genera with about 21 to 30 species are common in the tropics.
description
They are evergreen, woody plants that grow as trees or shrubs . The alternate, usually spiral, rarely asymmetrical and two-line, arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petioles and leaf blades. The leaf blades are simple with a smooth, serrated or serrated leaf margin. Small stipules are present or absent.
The zymose , racemose or paniculate inflorescences are terminal or axillary. The small, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry to slightly zygomorph and most fünfzählig (rare fourfold) with double perianth (perianth). The (rarely four) five sepals are free or fused, with the calyx tube being significantly shorter than the calyx teeth. There are rarely four, usually five petals . There are five to ten or up to twenty free, fertile stamens ; they are either all the same or clearly different. Usually two or five, rarely four, fruit leaves are a top permanent ovary grown. In every flower there is a stylus with a heady stigma. There is a discus.
Capsule fruits are mostly formed. The seeds are winged or they have an aril .
Systematics and distribution
The Ixonanthaceae family was established in 1858 by Jules Émile Planchon in Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel : Flora van Nederlandsch Indië , Volume 1, Number 2, VIII, p. 494. The type genus is Ixonanthes Jack .
The taxa now included in the Ixonanthaceae were previously classified in the Simaroubaceae or Erythroxylaceae .
The family Ixonanthaceae has a pantropical distribution. In the Neotropic there are two genera with about nine species. The Neotropical species thrive at altitudes between 0 and 1400 meters only in the Guiana highlands in Guyana, French Guyana, in Brazil in the Amazon region and in Bolivia.
The family Ixonanthaceae contains (four to) about five genera with about 21 to 30 species:
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Allantospermum Forman (Syn .: Cleistanthopsis Capuron ): There are probably only two types:
- Allantospermum borneense Forman : The home is Borneo.
- Allantospermum multicaule (Capuron) Noot. (Syn .: Cleistanthopsis multicaulis Capuron ): This species is only known from five localities in the provinces of Fianarantsoa and Toamasina in Madagascar .
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Cyrillopsis Kuhlm. : It contains only two species in the Neotropic:
- Cyrillopsis micrantha (Steyerm.) PEBerry & N.Ramírez : Home is Venezuela.
- Cyrillopsis paraensis Kuhlm. : It is common in Brazil.
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Ixonanthes Jack : The two or three types are common in tropical Asia:
- Ixonanthes reticulata Jack ( Ixonanthes chinensis (Hook. & Arn.) Champ. , Emmenanthus chinensis Hook. & Arn. , Ixonanthes cochinchinensis Pierre ): It is found in China , northeastern India , Indonesia , Malaysia , Myanmar , New Guinea , Philippines , Thailand and Vietnam spread.
- Ixonanthes khasiana Hook. f. : It is common in the Himalayas.
- Ochthocosmus Benth. : The seven or so species are widespread in South America.
- Phyllocosmus Klotzsch : The eight or so species are widespread in Africa.
swell
- The Ixonanthaceae family on the AP website . (Sections systematics and description)
- Ixonanthaceae at DELTA. (Section description)
- Paul JM Maas & Hiltje Maas-van de Kamer, 2012: Neotropical Ixonanthaceae at Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics . (Sections systematics and description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ Ixonanthaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 15, 2013.
- ↑ Ixonanthaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Entry in the Flora of Madagascar .
Web links
- Entry in the Flora of Mozambique . (English)