Joseph Dalton Hooker

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joseph Dalton Hooker (1855) after a portrait by George Richmond (1809-1896)

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (born June 30, 1817 in Halesworth , Suffolk , † December 10, 1911 in Sunningdale , Berkshire ) was an English botanist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Hook.f. "

Live and act

Joseph Dalton Hooker was the second son of William Jackson Hooker and his wife Maria Sarah Turner (1797–1872). He went along with his older brother William , first the Glasgow High School . In 1832 both began to study at the University of Glasgow . In 1839 he was there to the MD (MD) PhD . From 1839 he traveled as a doctor and scientist under Captain James Clark Ross for three years the South Pole region and worked on the flora of Antarctica , New Zealand and Tasmania . He was one of the pioneers of the land bridge hypothesis : To explain the distribution of similar flowering plants in South America and Australia , he assumed that the continents were once connected by a land bridge that has since been flooded. From 1847 to 1851 he toured India , 1860 Palestine , 1871 Morocco and 1877 the United States . Among other things, he discovered the pitcher plant Nepenthes rajah and described Welwitschia .

Hooker around 1908

From 1865 to 1885 he was director of the Royal Botanic Garden in Kew . In addition, he was for a long time editor and collaborator of the journals Curtis's Botanical Magazine (from 1865 to 1904) and Hooker's Icones plantarum (from 1867 to 1890).

After completing the South Pole expedition, Hooker met Charles Darwin and took on the classification of the plants Darwin had collected on the Galápagos Islands . The two scientists became close friends, and Hooker has been on Darwin's side ever since. Along with Thomas Huxley defended on 30 June 1860 the University of Oxford during the " Huxley-Wilberforce debate " Darwin's writing The Origin of Species ( On the Origin of Species ). Shortly before his death in 1882, Darwin entrusted Hooker with overall responsibility for the creation of the Index Kewensis , an index of all the names of flowering plants published between 1753 and 1885. Hooker hired the secretary of the Linnean Society of London , Benjamin Daydon Jackson, to write and edit .

After Hooker's death, the Dean and the Chapter of Westminster Abbey offered his family a burial near Darwin's tomb, but requested that Hooker's body be cremated for it. His widow Hyacinth refused either, and Hooker was buried next to his father in the cemetery of St. Anne's Church in Kew Green, near the Royal Botanic Gardens, according to his wishes.

Honors (selection)

After Hooker these are Cape Hooker , the Hooker Glacier and Mount Hooker named in Antarctica.

Hookerella Tiegh are named after Hooker . from the family of the belt flower family (Loranthaceae), Hookerina Kuntze from the family of the water hyacinth family (Pontederiaceae), Hookerochloa E. B. Alexeev from the family of the sweet grasses (Poaceae) and Josephia Wight from the family of the orchids (Orchidaceae).

Fonts (selection)

Books

  • The botany of the Antarctic voyage of HM discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843 under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross . 3 volumes, London 1844–1860, (online)
    • Volume 1 Flora Antarctica . Reeve Brothers, London 1844-1847.
    • Volume 2 Flora Novae-Zelandiae . Lovell Reeve, London 1851-1853.
    • Volume 3 Flora Tasmaniae . Lovell Reeve, London 1860.
  • Introductory essay to the Flora Novae-Zelandiae . Lovell Reeve, London 1853, (online) .
  • Himalayan Journals, or notes of a naturalist, in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, Khasia Mountains… John Murray , London 1854 (2 volumes, doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.60447 ).
  • Illustrations of Himalayan plants: Chiefly selected from drawings made for the late JF Cathcart, Esq.re of the Bengal Civil Service. The descriptions and analyzes by JD Hooker; the plates executed by WH Fitch . L. Reeve, London 1855, (online) .
  • On the flora of Australia: Its origin, affinities, and distribution; Being an introductory essay on the Flora of Tasmania . Lovell Reeve, London 1859, (online) .
  • Handbook of the New Zealand flora. A Systematic Description of the Native Plants of New Zealand and the Chatham, Kermadec's, Lord Auckland's, Campbell's, and Macquarrie's Islands… as well as those of the Chatham, Kermadec, Auckland, Campbell and Macquarrie Islands . Lovell Reeve, London 1864-1867, (online) .
  • Presidential Address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science . Fletcher & Son, Norwich 1868.
  • The Student's Flora of the British Islands . 1st edition, Macmillan & Co, London 1870, (online) .
  • The Flora of British India . 7 volumes, L. Reeve, London 1875–1897, (online)
  • Reply to the Toast The Medallists. Anniversary dinner of the Royal Society . Royal Society of London, London 1887.

With Thomas Thomson :

  • Flora indica: Being a systematic account of the plants of British India, together with observations on the structure and affinities of their natural orders and genera . W. Pamplin, London 1855, (online) .

With George Bentham :

  • Genera plantarum. Ad exemplaria imprimis in Herberiis Kewensibus servata definita . A. Black, London 1862-1883, (online) .

Magazine articles

  • On the vegetation of the Galapagos Archipelago, as compared with that of some other tropical islands and of the Continent of America . In: Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . Volume 20, Number 2, December 1847, (1851), pp. 235-262, doi: 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.1846.tb00417.x .
  • Obituary of Edward Forbes . In: The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette . Volume 48, December 2, 1854, pp. 771-772, (online) .
  • Botanical Geography . In: The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette . Number 12, March 22, 1856, pp. 192-193, (online) .
  • Notice of Alphonse de Candolle's Géographie Botanique Raisonée . In: Hooker's Kew Journal of Botany . Volume 8, 1856, pp. 54-64 , pp 82-88 , pp 112-121 , pp 151-157 , pp 181-191 , pp 214-219 , pp 248-256 .
  • [Review of] On the origin of species . In: The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette . December 31, 1859. p. 1052, (online) .
  • Outlines of the distribution of Arctic Plants . In: Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . Volume 23, Number 2, December 1861, pp. 251-348, doi: 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.1860.tb00131.x .
  • Insular Floras . In: The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette . 1867, pp. 6-7 , p. 27 , pp. 50-51 , pp. 75-76 . (Reprint In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society . Volume 22, 1984, pp. 55-77, doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.1984.tb00799.x .)
  • Dr. Hooker's reply to Prof. Owen . In: Nature . Volume 6, October 24, 1872, pp. 516-517, doi: 10.1038 / 006516c0 , (online) .
  • Report of the Director on the Royal Gardens, Kew, during the Year 1871 . In: Gardener's Chronicle number 19, pp. 634-635.

literature

  • Mea Allan: The Hookers of Kew. 1785-1911 . Michael Joseph, London 1967.
  • Leonard Huxley, Keir B. Sterling: Life & Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. Materials Collected & Arranged by Lady Hooker . ( Biologists & Their World Series ). Arno Press, New York NY 1978, ISBN 0-405-10726-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Leonard Huxley: Life & Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker . Volume 1, J. Murray, London 1918, p. 22 ( online ).
  2. ^ Leonard Huxley: Life & Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker . Volume 1, John Murray, London 1918, p. 24 ( online ).
  3. ↑ Member History: Joseph D. Hooker. American Philosophical Society, accessed October 3, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]

Web links

Commons : Joseph Dalton Hooker  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
personal data
SURNAME Hooker, Joseph Dalton
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English botanist and traveler
DATE OF BIRTH June 30, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH Halesworth ( Suffolk )
DATE OF DEATH December 10, 1911
Place of death Sunningdale ( Berkshire )