George Bentham

George Bentham (1800-1884).

George Bentham (born September 22, 1800 in Stoke , Devon England, † September 10, 1884 in London ) was a British botanist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is “ Benth. "

Live and act

Bentham came to Saint Petersburg with his parents at an early age , lived near Montpellier from 1814 to 1826 and explored the flora of the Pyrenees there . He then studied in London jurisprudence , took in 1832 to a judge and this was but after a year again. In the following years he devoted himself exclusively to botany, traveling through almost all of Europe for the purpose of his field research. In 1830 he became secretary of the Horticultural Society and later President of the Linnaeus Society in London.

His herbarium with more than 100,000 specimens has been in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew since 1854 , where William Jackson Hooker and from 1863 his son Joseph Dalton Hooker were directors of the garden and the herbarium, with whom he worked closely.

In the context of establishing an efficient scientific classification of plants, Bentham dealt with logical problems. The result of his efforts was a work entitled Drafting a New System of Logic , published in 1827 , in which he examined the types of identity between objects. He developed his own classification of simple logical types of endings.

Honors

The Royal Society awarded him the Royal Medal in 1859 . In 1866 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . In 1879 he was awarded the Clarke Medal of the Royal Society of New South Wales . In 1834 he was elected a member of the Scholars' Academy Leopoldina and in 1855 a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . Since 1865 he was a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . He was a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences .

In his honor the plant genera Benthamia A.Rich. and Neobenthamia Rolfe from the orchid family.

Fonts (selection)

• Catalog des plantes indigènes des Pyrénées et du Bas Languedoc, avec des observations sur les espèces nouvelles ou peu connues. Précédé d'une Notice sur un voyage botanique fait dans les Pyrénées pendant l'été de 1825 . Huzard, Paris 1826 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
• Outline of a New System of Logic. With a Critical Examination of Dr. Whately's "Elements of Logic" . Hunt and Clarke, London 1827 ( books.google.com ).
• Labiatarum genera et species, or A description of the genera and species of plants of the order labiatae, with their general history, characters, affinities, and geographical distribution . James Ridgway and sons, London 1836 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
• Scrophularinaea indicae. A synopsis of the East Indian Scrophularineae contained in the collections presented by the East India Company to the Linnean Society of London, and in those of Mr. Royle and others; with some general observations on the affinities and sub-divisions of the order. James Ridgway, London 1835, doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.50876 .
• Plantas Hartwegianas. Imprimis mexicanas adjectis nonnullis Grahamianis enumerat novasque . G. Pamplin, London 1839, doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.437 .
• Richard Brinsley Hinds (Ed.): The botany of the voyage of HMS Sulfur, under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, during the years 1836–42. Published under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty . Smith, Elder & Co., London 1844, doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.908 (description of botany).
• Handbook of the British Flora. 1858–1865, doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.19619 , doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.22426 , doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.49209 .
• Flora Honkongensis 1861 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.23084 , doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.55821 , doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.21052 .
• with Ferdinand von Mueller : Flora australiensis. 1863-1870, Volume 1 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.16515 , Volume 2 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.141 , Volume 3 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
• Illustrations of the British flora (1880) doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.54510 , doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.11027 , doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.30589 , doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.30590 .
• Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. (1862–1883, 3 volumes) doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.747 .
• Notes on Gramineae. 1881 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.54360 .
• Adaptation for Martius : the Papilionaceae family in Martius' Flora brasiliensis
• for Pyrame de Candolles : Prodromus the families of the Polemoniaceen, Skrofulariaceen, Labiaten and Stockhousiaceen.

literature

• Jean-Jacques Amigo, “Bentham (George)”, in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, Publications de l'olivier, 2017, 915 p. ( ISBN 9782908866506 )
• Bentham, 2) George. In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 2: Atlantis scarab beetle. Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885, pp. 699–700 ( retrobibliothek.de ).
• Bentham, George . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 3 : Austria - Bisectrix . London 1910, p. 746–747 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
• George Thomas Bettany:  Bentham, George . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 4:  Beal - Beaver. MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1885, pp 263 - 267 (English).

Web links

Commons : George Bentham  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

• Literature by and about George Bentham in the catalog of the German National Library
• Literature by and about George Bentham in the catalog of the Virtual Library of Biology (vifabio)
• Author entry and list of the described plant names for George Bentham at the IPNI

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jean-Jacques Amigo, “Bentham (George)”, in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, Publications de l'olivier, 2017, 915 p. ( ISBN 9782908866506 )
2. ↑ NI Kondakow: Dictionary of Logic. VEB Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1978.
3. ^ Members of the previous academies. George Bentham. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on February 20, 2015 . 
4. ↑ Member entry by George Bentham (with a link to an obituary) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on January 4, 2017.
5. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter B. Académie des sciences, accessed on September 17, 2019 (French). 
6. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]