Slipper family
| Slipper family | ||||||||||||
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Garden slipper flower ( Calceolaria integrifolia ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Calceolariaceae | ||||||||||||
| ( D.Don ) Olmstead |
The slipper family (Calceolariaceae) are a family of plants in the order of the labiate family (Lamiales). The only two genera and about 275 species have a purely neotropical distribution except for one or two species.
Description and ecology
The species of the Calceolariaceae family are mostly herbaceous plants , rarely shrubs . The opposite leaves are simple and have serrated or rarely smooth leaf margins.
The flowers are four-fold. They usually have two stamens . They don't offer nectar. The ovary is semi-subordinate. The petals have grown together to form the typical "slipper", this corolla tube has two lips. The opening of the corolla is called the mouth. If the mouth is tightly closed, the flowers are pollinated by bumblebees , if the mouth is wide open, bees are the pollinators. The pollinators are rewarded with oil from oil glands and pollen . There are fruit capsules formed.
distribution
They have an almost pure neotropical distribution. Their areas are in Central America , in the plains of western South America and the mountains of South America. Only one or two species of Jovellana come from the North Island of New Zealand .
Systematics
The taxa used to be part of the Scrophulariaceae family . According to gene sequence analyzes , they have been in Richard G. Olmstead , Claude W. de Pamphilis, Andrea D. Wolfe, Nelson D. Young, Wayne J. Elisons & Patrick A. Reeves: Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae , In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 88, pp. 348–361: Calceolariaceae on p. 357 a family of its own. The basionym is the tribe Calceolarieae D. Don with the type genus Calceolaria L.
The slipper family (Calceolariaceae) has only two genera and about 260 species:
- Slipper flowers ( Calceolaria L. ): The 240 to 275 Neotropical species occur only from Central America to southernmost South America.
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Jovellana Ruiz & Pav .: It occurs with six or seven species in Chile and the North Island of New Zealand (only one or two species), they grow in temperate climates:
- Jovellana guentheri Kraenzl. : It was first described from Chile.
- Jovellana punctata Ruiz & Pav .: It thrives in Chile at higher altitudes, for example from 1985 and 3920 meters above sea level.
- Jovellana repens Kraenzl. : It is one of two species in the family outside the Neotropicals on New Zealand's North Island, a subshrub.
- Jovellana scapiflora Ruiz & Pav.
- Jovellana sinclairii (Hook.) Kraenzl. : It is one of the two species in the family outside the Neotropicals on the North Island of New Zealand. It is a small subshrub .
- Jovellana triandra Cav.
- Jovellana violacea (Cav.) G.Don : It is a small shrub with, as the botanical name suggests, purple flowers thatis native tothe Valdivian Forest in southern Chile.
The species of the earlier genera Fagelia Schwencke , Porodittia G. Don ex Kraenzl. , Stemotria Wettst. & Harms ex Engl. And Trianthera Wettst. were incorporated into the genus Calceolaria .
use
Of a few species of the genus Calceolaria , varieties have been bred that are used as ornamental plants in parks, gardens, balconies and rooms .
The indoor slipper flower ( Calceolaria × herbeohybrida ) is an indoor plant for cool rooms .
Indoor slipper flower ( Calceolaria × herbeohybrida )
Indoor slipper flower ( Calceolaria × herbeohybrida )
swell
- The Calceolariaceae family on the AP website. (Section description and systematics)
- Eva M. Mayr & Anton Weber: Calceolariaceae: floral development and systematic implications , In: American Journal of Botany , 2006, Volume 93, No. 3, pp. 327-343. doi : 10.3732 / ajb.93.3.327 .
- Andrea Cosacov, Alicia N. Sérsic, Victoria Sosa, J. Arturo De-Nova, Stephan Nylinder & Andrea A. Cocucci: New insights into the phylogenetic relationships, character evolution, and phytogeographic patterns of Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) , In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 96, No. 12, 2009, pp. 2240-2255. doi : 10.3732 / ajb.0900165
Individual evidence
- ↑ Richard G. Olmstead, Claude W. de Pamphilis, Andrea D. Wolfe, Nelson D. Young, Wayne J. Elisons & Patrick A. Reeves: Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae , In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 88, No. 2 , 2001, pp. 348-361.
- ↑ Calceolariaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Irayda Salinas & Blanca León: Calceolariaceae endémicas del Perú , in Blanca León, Nigel Pitman & José Roque: Revista Peruana de Biología , Número especial 13 (2), pp. 921–925: El libro rojo de las plantas endémicas del Perú. , 2006, ISSN 1727-9933 (Spanish; PDF file; 258 kB)
- Entry at GRIN.