Slipper flowers

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Slipper flowers
Calceolaria dilatata

Calceolaria dilatata

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Slipper family (Calceolariaceae)
Genre : Slipper flowers
Scientific name
Calceolaria
L.

The slipper flowers ( Calceolaria ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of calceolariaceae (Calceolariaceae) within the order of Lippenblütlerartigen (Lamiales). There are many cultivars of some species that are popular ornamental plants as bedding and balcony plants or indoor plants .

description

Illustration of Calceolaria virgata from Curtis's Botanical Magazine, London , Volume 138 = Ser. 4, Vol. 8, 1912, plate 8436.

Slipper flower species are mostly herbaceous plants , less often shrubs . The opposite leaves are simple and have serrated or rarely smooth leaf margins.

The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are four-fold. The four sepals are green. The four petals have grown together to form the typical "slipper", this corolla tube is two-lipped. The opening is called the mouth. If the mouth is tightly closed, the flowers are pollinated by bumblebees , if the mouth is wide open, bees are the pollinators. The pollinators are rewarded with oil from oil glands and pollen and not with nectar. They usually have two stamens . The ovary is semi-subordinate.

There are fruit capsules formed which contain many small seeds.

distribution

The genus Calceolaria has a purely neotropical distribution. They have their areas in Central America , in the plains of western South America and the mountains of South America. The distribution of the genus Calceolaria extends from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego. The center of biodiversity for this genus is southern Ecuador and the Peruvian departments Amazonas and Cajamarca . The biodiversity decreases towards the north. A concentration of locally endemics is found in northern Peru. Overall, the Andes are the main distribution area.

29 woody Calceolaria species are found in Ecuador at altitudes above 2,400 meters: C. adenanthera , C. australis , C. bentae , C. brachiata , C. commutata , C. comosa , C. ericoides , C. ferruginea , C. frondosa , C. fusca , C. harlingii , C. helianthemoides , C. hyssopifolia , C. lavandulifolia , C. martinezii , C. microbefaria , C. nivalis , C. odontophylla , C. oxyphylla , C. pedunculata , C. phaeotricha , C. rosmarinifolia , C. semiconnata , C. sericea , C. serrata , C. spruceana , C. stricta , C. variifolia , C. virgata .

Systematics

The genus Calceolaria was first published in 1770 by Carl von Linné with the type species Calceolaria pinnata L. in Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar , 31, p. 286. The botanical genus name Calceolaria is derived from the Latin word calceolarius for shoemaker.

The genus Calceolaria was previously integrated into the Scrophulariaceae , according to gene sequence analyzes of rbcL , cpDNA , ndhF and rps2 , they have been a separate family together with the genus Jovellana since 2001 (Olmstead et al.) . Species of the earlier genera: Fagelia , Porodittia , Stemotria were incorporated into the genus Calceolaria . The species of the earlier section Jovellana within the genus Calceolaria are now in their own genus Jovellana , see Calceolariaceae .

Habit of Calceolaria andina
Zygomorphic flower of Calceolaria biflora
Zygomorphic flower of Calceolaria cana
Calceolaria corymbosa Ruiz & Pav. Subsp. corymbosa

Habit of Calceolaria filicaulis
Zygomorphic flower of Calceolaria glandulosa
Habit of Calceolaria hypericina
Garden slipper flower ( Calceolaria integrifolia )
Flowers, young fruits and opposite leaves of Calceolaria irazuensis
Habit of Calceolaria pinnifolia
Zygomorphic flower of Calceolaria salicifolia
Zygomorphic flowers of Calceolaria tomentosa
Habit and flowers of Calceolaria tripartita
Habit of Calceolaria uniflora
Zygomorphic flower of Calceolaria uniflora

The genus of the slipper flowers ( Calceolaria ) includes 240 to 270 species in the Neotropic :

use

From Calceolaria arachnoidea Graham. a red dye is obtained.

There are many varieties of some species that are popular ornamental plants as bedding and balcony plants ( garden slipper flower , Calceolaria integrifolia ) or house plants ( indoor slipper flower , Calceolaria Herbeohybrida ).

literature

  • Christine Ehrhart: The genus Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in Chile , Bibliotheca Botanica, Issue 153, 2000, ISBN 978-3-510-48024-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Description in the woody flora of the Andes of Ecuador. (span.)
  2. ↑ theplantlist.org.
  3. ↑ Entry in Plants for A Future . (engl.)

Web links

Commons : Slipper Flowers ( Calceolaria )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files