Cajamarca
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Coordinates: 7 ° 10 ′ S , 78 ° 31 ′ W
Cajamarca on the map of Peru
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| Basic data | |
| Country | Peru |
| region | Cajamarca |
| province | Cajamarca |
| Residents | 182,971 (2017) |
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| Detailed data | |
| height | 2750 m |
| City Presidency | Víctor Andrés Villar Narro (2019-2022) |
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Cajamarca ( Cajamarca-Quechua : Kashamarka , land of thorns; Cusco-Quechua Qasamarka , cold country) is the capital of the homonymous province of Cajamarca in the homonymous region of Cajamarca in the South American Andean state of Peru . The equatorial climate is mild, dry and sunny. The annual maximum temperature averages 22 ° C, the annual minimum temperature averages 5 ° C. Cajamarca is known for its church buildings , hot springs, and Inca baths. Cajamarca has been the seat of the diocese of the same name since 1908 . In the 2017 census, the city's population was 182,971. 10 years earlier this was 150,197.
history
Cajamarca was a residence of the Inca ruler Atahualpa , who had defeated his brother Huáscar in a civil war from 1529-1532 . The Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro arrived here in November 1532 and took him prisoner at the Battle of Cajamarca . This was a crucial event in the Spanish conquest of Peru .
In 1986 the Organization of American States declared Cajamarca to be the historical and cultural heritage of the American continent. Meanwhile, Cajamarca is also in the list of World Heritage of UNESCO for possible nomination as a World Heritage Site.
economy
Cajamarca has very fertile soils and is best known for its milk and cheese products . Probably the best-known dairy product sold across the country is Manjar blanco .
There are also several mines nearby, including the world's most profitable gold mine, Yanacocha , owned by Newmont Mining (USA) and Buenaventura (Peru). Because of the chemicals used in the mines, however, leukemia cases are increasing in the region . In addition to the scarcity of resources, water and soil mining activities of Minera Yanacocha lead to long-term degradation of soil and water. The main problem in addition to sodium cyanide (NaCN) in gold mining is the storage of heavy metal sludge in the soil, which has caused damage over the centuries.
The Yanacocha company is therefore sharply criticized by environmental and human rights organizations such as B. Save the Rainforest and Avaaz . The population of Cajamarca has been resisting the expansion of the mine with a peaceful general strike since the beginning of June 2012, which, however, has met with severe resistance from the government. The expansion is to be built at a source of important rivers and lagoons, which feed the Cajamarcas region and its inhabitants, but also the Amazon basin with water.
The Cajamarca airport is located 3 km northeast of downtown.
Attractions
Cajamarca has several Christian churches in the Spanish colonial style: San Jose, Iglesia La Recoleta, La Immaculada Concepcion, San Antonio, the Cathedral, the Bethlehem Church and the Church of St. Francis (Iglesia San Francisco).
All of Cajamarca's churches have a peculiarity: their towers and sometimes the facades were never completely completed. This is because the Viceroy of Peru only made a certain amount available annually for unfinished churches. The architecture of Cajamarca is famous for its baroque style, which cannot be found in this form in any other place in Peru. A large number of colonial houses are made of intricately carved stone.
cathedral
This church took 80 years to build (1682–1762). It was consecrated to Saint Catalina. Its unfinished facade is made of volcanic rock, it has five bells distributed in different towers. In the interior you can see pictures of Saint Rosa de Lima , San Martín de Porres and the Virgen del Carmen .
Cerro Santa Apolonia
The Apolonia Hill is a natural vantage point to take in the entire city can overlook from the. There is a small chapel dedicated to the Virgen de Fátima . From the plaza you have to climb 300 stone steps. On the hill is also La silla del Inca , a stone seat where the Inca ruler Atahualpa is said to have once sat.
Cuarto del Rescate
One of the surviving testimonies from the Spanish conquest of Peru is a small building with the so-called “ransom room” (English: Ransom Room, Spanish: Cuarto del Rescate). The Inca ruler had one room filled with gold and another twice with silver in order to buy himself out. However, it is unclear whether the room shown was actually filled with ransom or only served as a prison cell. However, the Spaniards did not keep their promise, but tried Atahualpa in 1533 and executed him. This was one of the decisive events on the way to the fall of the Inca Empire .
Plaza de Armas
The main square of Cajamarca is the place where the fall of the Inca Empire began when Atahualpa was captured there. The plaza of Cajamarca is one of the largest squares in Peru, the monument in the center of the plaza dates from the 18th century.
Baños del Inca
The Inca baths are thermal baths located around seven kilometers east of Cajamarca. Atahualpa is said to have been there when the Spaniards invaded Cajamarca. Today you can see the original thermal baths that Atahualpa is said to have used and spend some time in the modern thermal baths.
Bethlehem Church
The Iglesia de Belén (Bethlehem Church) is the oldest and most beautiful baroque church in Cajamarca, perhaps even in all of Peru. It was completed in 1744 and looked after by the Jesuits until they were expelled. The Bethlehem sisters then continued the work.
The church is part of the monastery complex of the Bethlehemiter Order ( Conjunto monumental de Belén ), which essentially consists of three buildings. The church is framed by two former hospitals, the men's and the women's hospital (Hospital de Varones y de Mujeres). The hospitals were still used as such until the 1940s. Today there is an archaeological museum for the Cajamarca region in the women's hospital, which was built between 1764 and 1767 and is also characterized by a magnificent baroque portal. The tourist information office and the Regional Cultural Directorate of Cajamarca (the former cultural institute) with a library are also located in the monastery complex.
La Recoleta Church
This religious house consists of the church and the former Franciscan convent. It differs from the other churches in that it is elegant and very fine carved on the facade. The convent was established towards the end of the 17th century.
San Francisco Church
This church with its baroque altars is well worth seeing and is located directly on the plaza of Cajamarca and is part of the St. Francis convent , which is made entirely of volcanic rock. It was completed in the late 17th century and was used solely for missionary purposes.
Kuntur Wasi
Kuntur Wasi is a temple complex near Cajamarca that is considered the cultural cradle of the region.
See also: Window by Otuzco , Cumbemayo
Panorama picture
Climate table
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Cajamarca
Source: wetterkontor.de
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sons and daughters of the town
- Miguel Iglesias (1830–1909), General and President
- Zenón Noriega Agüero (1900–1957), president of a Peruvian military junta in 1950
- Carlos Castaneda (1925–1998), American anthropologist and writer
- Walter Alva (* 1951), archaeologist, discoverer of the princely tomb of Sipán
- Marco Arana (* 1962), Catholic priest and environmental activist
See also
- Story " The gold of Caxamalca " (Caxamalca is another spelling of Cajamarca)
literature
- José Dammert Bellido : Cajamarca durante la guerra del Pacífico . Obispado de Cajamarca, Cajamarca 1983.
- Víctor Campos Ríos, Alois Oak Leaves: Cajamarca. Patrimonio histórico y cultural de las Américas . Asociación Editora Cajamarca, Cajamarca 1988.
- Wilhelm Knecht: The Church of Cajamarca. The challenge of an option for the poor in Peru . LIT, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-8258-8900-9 .
- Josef Lustenberger: Mining conflicts in Cajamarca, Peru, and socio-political development: Coexistence and conflicts between the local population and the mining company Minera Yanacocha . wbg Academic, Darmstadt 2019.
Web links
- Cajamarca - a global village!? - Theology - Globalization - Option for the poor: Cajamarca as an example
- City partnership Treptow-Köpenick - Cajamarca
- Travel guide to Cajamarca
Individual evidence
- ↑ Academia Quechua - Cajamarca ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur : Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa . Cusco, Perú 2006, p. 450.
- ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI): Directorio Nacional de Centros Poblados - Censos Nacionales 2017 . Lima 2018, Vol. 2, p. 529 ( online ).
- ↑ PERU: Region Cajamarca: Provinces & Places . www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ↑ a b https://www.regenwald.org/aktion/880/peru-gold-graebt-menschen-das-wasser-ab
- ↑ http://www.avaaz.org/de/petition/Stop_the_Conga_mining_project_2/
- ↑ http://unitru.edu.pe/cultural/arq/kuntur.html ( Memento from March 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
