Hydnoraceae
| Hydnoraceae | ||||||||||||
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Prosopanche americana |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hydnoraceae | ||||||||||||
| C. Agardh |
The Hydnoraceae are a family of plants from the order of the pepper-like (Piperales) with about eight species in only two genera.
Description and ecology
All species are root parasites without chlorophyll and live completely underground except for the flower and fruit (in some cases even flower and fruit are formed underground). The roots are up to 10 centimeters thick, cylindrical to flattened, firm strands that are only weakly branched and spread out laterally from the hosts. They are the only covers that are completely leafless.
The length of the inflorescence is determined by the depth at which the root lies; the peduncle measures between 4 and 9 centimeters. The single flowers, measuring 5 to 25 centimeters in diameter, are three to five-fold ( Hydnora ) or six or eight-fold. The 6 to 8 centimeter long flower lobes either lie wide open on the ground or are not bent back and only open by separating the individual lobes from one another. In some species there are slightly thickened, whitish outgrowths on the edge of the lobes, reminiscent of maggots. The flowers give off a foul-smelling fragrance.
The species colonize semi-deserts and are host-dependent, Hydnora parasitize mostly on spurge species ( Euphorbia ) and acacias , Prosopanche on mesquites ( Prosopis ).
Systematics and distribution
The Hydnoraceae family was established in 1821 by Carl Adolf Agardh .
The Hydnoraceae family has an extremely disjoint distribution area with one genus in South America and the other in Africa and Madagascar.
- Hydnora Thunb. : The 5 to 15 species are distributed in southern Africa and Madagascar and sporadically radiate on the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman).
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Prosopanche de Bary : The four species occur in Paraguay and Argentina or, according to another source, in southern South America with individual occurrences in northern Chile and Costa Rica :
- Prosopanche americana (R.Br.) Baill. : It occurs in Peru and from southern Brazil to northern Argentina.
- Prosopanche bonacinae Speg. : It occurs in Brazil and Argentina.
- Prosopanche caatingicola R.F. Machado & LPQueiroz : The species, which was only newly described in 2012, occurs in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
- Prosopanche costaricensis L.D. Gómez : Your home is Costa Rica.
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The information in this article was obtained from the following sources:
- The Hydnoraceae family on the AP website. (Sections systematics, distribution and description)
- Hydnoraceae CA Agardh at - The Families of Flowering Plants by L. Watson and MJ Dallwitz. (Section description)
- Hydnoraceae C. Agardh in Parasiticplants with distribution map. (Distribution section)
- Lytton John Musselman: The Genus Hydnora ( Online )
- Hydnoraceae on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hysnoraceae - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on April 17, 2015.
