Sandalwood-like
Sandalwood-like | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandalwood tree ( Santalum album ), illustration |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Santalales | ||||||||||||
R.Br. ex Bercht. & J. Presl |
The sandalwood-like (Santalales) are an order of the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). The sandalwood tree ( Santalum album ) provides timber and sandalwood oil . The semi-parasitic mistletoe ( Viscum ) is also known. Most of the species are semi-parasites; they supply themselves with nutrients from their host plants, but have green leaves for their own photosynthesis .
description
They are woody plants: mostly shrubs , rarely trees or lianas ; or they are parasitic herbaceous plants . The leaves are mostly alternate. There are no stipules.
The plant species are mostly dioecious, separate sexes ( diocese ), rarely monoecious ( monoecious ). The inflorescences are often cymes . The very small, radial symmetry flowers are hermaphroditic or unisexual and are three to six-fold (rarely eight-fold). There are usually three, rarely two, four or five carpels. The ovary is subordinate. There are berries , seeded drupes or nuts formed.
Systematics and distribution
The Santalales are the sister group of the clade of Caryophyllales + asterids within the kernel eudicotyledons .
The representatives of the order Santalales occur worldwide, outside of cold areas. This order is particularly species-rich in the tropics .
The following seven families with about 151 genera and over 1000 species belong to the order of the sandalwood species :
- Balanophoraceae : The approximately 17 genera with 50 species are root parasites and mainly distributed in tropical regions.
- Belt flowers (Loranthaceae): The approximately 68 genera with 950 species are distributed almost worldwide, only a few species thrive in the temperate latitudes.
- Misodendraceae: It contains only one genus with eleven species:
- Misodendrum Banks ex DC. : They are trunk parasites of Nothofagus species in the cool, temperate southern South America.
- Olacaceae Juss. : According to APG IV, it contains the genera of the former families Aptandraceae Miers , Coulaceae Tiegh. , Erythropalaceae Planch. ex Miq. nom. cons., Octoknemaceae Soler. nom. cons., Strombosiaceae Tiegh. , Ximeniaceae Horan.
- Opiliaceae : The distribution is pantropical and contains 10 to 13 genera with around 60 species. They are parasitic trees and bushes.
- Sandalwood family (Santalaceae): It is distributed almost all over the world and contains around 44 genera with 990 species.
- Schoepfiaceae : The only three genera with about 55 species are common in the Neotropic and Southeast Asia.
swell
- The order of the Santalales on the AP website. (engl.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
- ^ A b The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, 2016, pp. 1-20. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12385