Sandalwood-like

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Sandalwood-like
Sandalwood tree (Santalum album), illustration

Sandalwood tree ( Santalum album ), illustration

Systematics
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Sandalwood-like
Scientific name
Santalales
R.Br. ex Bercht. & J. Presl
Illustration of white mistletoe ( Viscum album )

The sandalwood-like (Santalales) are an order of the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). The sandalwood tree ( Santalum album ) provides timber and sandalwood oil . The semi-parasitic mistletoe ( Viscum ) is also known. Most of the species are semi-parasites; they supply themselves with nutrients from their host plants, but have green leaves for their own photosynthesis .

description

They are woody plants: mostly shrubs , rarely trees or lianas ; or they are parasitic herbaceous plants . The leaves are mostly alternate. There are no stipules.

The plant species are mostly dioecious, separate sexes ( diocese ), rarely monoecious ( monoecious ). The inflorescences are often cymes . The very small, radial symmetry flowers are hermaphroditic or unisexual and are three to six-fold (rarely eight-fold). There are usually three, rarely two, four or five carpels. The ovary is subordinate. There are berries , seeded drupes or nuts formed.

Systematics and distribution

The Santalales are the sister group of the clade of Caryophyllales + asterids within the kernel eudicotyledons .

The representatives of the order Santalales occur worldwide, outside of cold areas. This order is particularly species-rich in the tropics .

The following seven families with about 151 genera and over 1000 species belong to the order of the sandalwood species :

  • Balanophoraceae : The approximately 17 genera with 50 species are root parasites and mainly distributed in tropical regions.
  • Belt flowers (Loranthaceae): The approximately 68 genera with 950 species are distributed almost worldwide, only a few species thrive in the temperate latitudes.
  • Misodendraceae: It contains only one genus with eleven species:
    • Misodendrum Banks ex DC. : They are trunk parasites of Nothofagus species in the cool, temperate southern South America.
  • Olacaceae Juss. : According to APG IV, it contains the genera of the former families Aptandraceae Miers , Coulaceae Tiegh. , Erythropalaceae Planch. ex Miq. nom. cons., Octoknemaceae Soler. nom. cons., Strombosiaceae Tiegh. , Ximeniaceae Horan.
  • Opiliaceae : The distribution is pantropical and contains 10 to 13 genera with around 60 species. They are parasitic trees and bushes.
  • Sandalwood family (Santalaceae): It is distributed almost all over the world and contains around 44 genera with 990 species.
  • Schoepfiaceae : The only three genera with about 55 species are common in the Neotropic and Southeast Asia.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
  2. ^ A b The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, 2016, pp. 1-20. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12385

Web links

Commons : Sandalwoods (Santalales)  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files