Olacaceae

Olacaceae
	Ximenia americana
Systematics
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Sandalwoods (Santalales)
Family :	Olacaceae
Scientific name
	Olacaceae
	R.Br. nom. cons.

The Olacaceae are a plant family in the order of the sandalwood-like (Santalales) within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida).

description

Illustration by Coula edulis

Vegetative characteristics

They are woody plants: shrubs , trees or lianas . Some species are root parasites ( hemiparasites ). The simple, whole-edged leaves are arranged in a spiral or two-line alternating on the branches. There are no stipules.

Generative characteristics

The plants are seldom dioecious separately sexed ( diocesan ). The relatively small, radial symmetry flowers are three to six-fold and mostly hermaphroditic. The bracts are differentiated into sepals and petals. The stamens are not fused together; their number depending on Taxon different: 3 to 6, or 6 to 12, or 9 to 18. The most three (often, two or five) carpels are a top permanent or semi-permanent upper ovary grown.

The fruits only ever contain one seed and are either stone fruits or nuts . They have two to eight (!) Cotyledons .

Plant physiology

The plants accumulate aluminum - ions .

Subfamily Anacalosoideae: Chaunochiton angustifolium

Subfamily Anacalosoideae: Heisteria perianthomega

Subfamily Olacoideae: Olax psittacorum

Subfamily Olacoideae: Ximenia caffra with fruits

Erythropalum scandens

Systematics and distribution

The family Olacaceae is divided into two or three subfamilies, which together comprise 14 (some authors also up to 27) genera with about 103 (up to 250) species. According to Daniel L. Nickrent et al. in Taxon , Volume 59, pages 538–558, 2010 only the genera Dulacia , Olax and Ptychopetalum were counted as part of the family. But this has not caught on.

The Olacaceae R.Br. nom. cons. contains according to APG IV (there the uncertain systematics from APG III was adopted) the genera of the former families Aptandraceae Miers , Coulaceae Tiegh. , Erythropalaceae Planch. ex Miq. nom. cons., Octoknemaceae Soler. nom. cons., Strombosiaceae Tiegh. , Ximeniaceae Horan. This is not a monophyletic kinship group to this extent , but the data for clarification are still pending in 2016.

The range of the family Olacaceae is worldwide, outside of cold areas. The family is particularly rich in species in the tropics .

Subfamily Anacalosoideae Airy-Shaw : It contains about 16 genera:
- Anacolosa (flower) flower : The approximately 17 species thrive in the tropics of Asia, Madagascar and Africa.
- Aptandra Miers : Of the three species, two occur in tropical South America and one in Africa.
- Cathedra Miers : The eleven or so species thrive in tropical South America.
- Chaunochiton Benth. : The five or so species occur in the Neotropic .
- Coula Baill. : It contains only one type:
  - Coula edulis Baill. : It occurs in tropical West Africa .
- Diogoa Exell & Mendonca : It contains only one species:
  - Diogoa zenkeri (Engl.) Exell & Mendonça : It occurs in tropical Africa.
- Engomegoma Breteler : it contains only one species:
  - Engomegoma gordonii Breteler : It occurs only in Gabon .
- Heisteria Jacq. : The 33or sospecies are common in the Neotropics and Africa.
- Maburea Maas : It contains only one species:
  - Maburea trinervis Maas : It only occurs in Guiana .
- Minquartia Aubl.
- Ochanostachy's mast. : This subheading includes 1–2 species that occur in Indonesia.
- Phanerodiscus Cavaco : The three or so species occur in Madagascar.

Subfamily Olacoideae Sond. : It contains about nine genera:

Aptandra Miers : With about three species that occur in tropical South America.

Curupira G.A. Black contains only one species:
Curupira tefeensis G.A. Black : It occurs in Brazil.

Douradoa Sleumer : It contains only one species:
Douradoa consimilis Sleumer : It occurs in Brazil.

Dulacia Vell. : The approximately 13 species occur in the Neotropic.

Harmandia Pierre ex Baill. : The one to four species occur in Southeast Asia and Malesia .

Malania Chun & SKLee : It contains only one species:
Malania oleifera Chun & SKLee : It occurs in southern China.

Olax L .: The 40 or so species occur in Africa and tropical Asia.

Ongokea Pierre : It contains only one species:
Ongokea gore (Hua) Pierre : It occurs in tropical West Africa.

Ptychopetalum Benth. : Two types occur in the Neotropic and two types in Africa.
Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth. : Northern Brazil and the Guyanas.

Ximenia L .: The eight or so species thrive in the tropics.

With uncertain subfamily membership:
- Erythropalum flower
- Octoknema Pierre : With about five species that occur in tropical Africa.

The following is not definitely classified in this family:
- Brachynema Benth. : The only two species occur in the Amazon region of Peru and Brazil.

swell

The Olacaceae family on the AP website . (English)
David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 . (Species numbers and distribution of the genera)
Valéry Malécot, Daniel L. Nickrent: Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Olacaceae and Related Santalales. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 33, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 97-106. Full text PDF. (Section systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ Kenneth R. Robertson: The Genera of the Olacaceae in the Southestern United States. In: Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 63 (1), 1982, pp. 387-393, at p. 389, online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
^ ^A ^b The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, 2016, pp. 1-20. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12385
↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses . 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4

Web links

Commons : Olacaceae - collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] Kenneth R. Robertson: The Genera of the Olacaceae in the Southestern United States. In: Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 63 (1), 1982, pp. 387-393, at p. 389, online at biodiversitylibrary.org.

[APGIV-2] A ^b The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, 2016, pp. 1-20. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12385

[APGIII-3] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .

[Mabberley2008-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses . 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4