Ancistrocladus

Ancistrocladus
	Ancistrocladus heyneanus
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Ancistrocladaceae
Genre :	Ancistrocladus
Scientific name of the family
	Ancistrocladaceae
	Planch. ex Walp.
Scientific name of the genus
	Ancistrocladus
	Wall.

Ancistrocladus is the only genus of the monogeneric plant family of the Ancistrocladaceae in the order of the carnation-like (Caryophyllales). The 20 or so species are palaeotropic .

description

Appearance and leaves

Ancistrocladus species grow as lianas or climbing shrubs . They climb with hook-shaped upper ends of the sympodial branches. At first they all grow upright independently as monopodial shrubs. The plant parts are bare.

Simple, seemingly stalked leaves of Ancistrocladus heyneanus

The alternate leaves are arranged in terminal rosettes on young specimens, later distributed spirally on the stem axis or in clusters on the upper area of the branches. The leaves do not have a petiole, but due to the long, pointed base of the leaf blade, they appear to be petiolate. The simple leaf blades are entire. A few to a few small pits are distributed on both leaf surfaces, each containing a single trichome that secretes a waxy substance. There is pinnate and network nerve. The actinocytic stomata are mainly located on the underside of the leaf. The stipules are often tiny and early dropping and often seem to be absent.

Inflorescences and flowers

The inflorescences are designed very differently. The relatively small, hermaphroditic flowers are rarely four or mostly five-fold. The four or usually five durable sepals can be of the same shape and clearly unequal. The four or mostly five petals are free or only fused at their base. Only one circle is rare, there are usually two circles with usually five, rarely four stamens each, five of which are slightly to significantly larger (if there is only one stamen circle, then all stamens are the same size). The filaments of the same or different lengths are always somewhat fused with the petals. The basifix anthers open with a longitudinal slit. The most three (rarely four) carpels are one under permanent or semi-permanent under, single-chamber ovary grown. Each ovary contains only one basilateral, hemitropic, bitegmic ovule . The three seldom only partially fused to mostly free, thickened, elongated pistils end in three scars.

Fruits and seeds

The nuts are surrounded by the corky flower cup (hypanthium) and on their end they still have the wing-like, often unequal sepals. The seeds contain hard, ruminate, starchy endosperm . The embryo is relatively short and straight.

Systematics and distribution

The Ancistrocladaceae are palaeotropically distributed, with a disjoint area in tropical Africa and southern Asia, Southeast Asia to western Borneo .

The closest related families within the order Caryophyllales are the Nepenthaceae and Droseraceae .

The last revision of the genus Ancistrocladus took place in 2005 by Charlotte M. Taylor, Roy E. Gereau & Gretchen M. Walters in Revision of Ancistrocladus Wall. (Ancistrocladaceae). in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 92, Issue 3, pp. 360-399.

The family contains only one genus, Ancistrocladus , with about 20 species:

Ancistrocladus abbreviatus Airy Shaw : It is distributed in West Africa with two subspecies:
- Ancistrocladus abbreviatus Airy Shaw subsp. abbreviatus
- Ancistrocladus abbreviatus subsp. lateralis Gereau
Ancistrocladus attenuatus Dyer : It is only found in Myanmar .
Ancistrocladus barteri Scott-Elliot : It occurs only in Guinea .
Ancistrocladus benomensis Rischer & G.Bringmann : It occurs only in Malaysia.
Ancistrocladus congolensis J.Léonard : It occurs only in the Congo .
Ancistrocladus ealaensis J.Léonard : It occurs only in the Congo.
Ancistrocladus grandiflorus Cheek : It occurs only in Cameroon.
Ancistrocladus griffithii Planch. : It only occurs in Myanmar.
Ancistrocladus guineensis olive. : It only occurs in Nigeria .
Ancistrocladus hamatus (Vahl) Gilg (Syn .: Wormia hamata Vahl , Ancistrocladus vahlii Arn. Nom. Illeg., Bigamea hamata (Vahl) Tiegh. , Ancistrocladus thwaitesii Tiegh. , Bigamea thwaitesii Tiegh. ): It occurs only in Sri Lanka .
Ancistrocladus heyneanus Wall. ex J.Graham : It occurs in southwest India .
Ancistrocladus ileboensis Heubl, Mudogo & G.Bringmann : The species that was only newly described in 2010 occurs only in the Congo area.
Ancistrocladus korupensis D.W. Thomas & Gereau : It occurs only in Cameroon.
Ancistrocladus le-testui Pellegr. : It only occurs in Gabon .
Ancistrocladus likoko J.Léonard : It occurs only in the Congo.
Ancistrocladus pachyrrhachis Airy Shaw : It occurs in Liberia only in Monrovia.
Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum J.Léonard : It occurs only in Kenya .
Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis Cheek & Frim. : It only occurs in Tanzania .
Ancistrocladus tectorius (Lour.) Merr. (Syn .: bembiX tectoria Lour. , Ancistrocladus extensus Wall. Ex Planch. , Ancistrocladus carallioides Craib , Ancistrocladus cochinchinensis Gagnep. , Ancistrocladus hainanensis Hayata , Ancistrocladus harmandii Gagnep. , Ancistrocladus extensus var. Pinangianus (Wall. Ex Planch.) King , Ancistrocladus pinangianus . Wall ex Planch. , Ancistrocladus stelligerus Wall ex A.DC.. ): It grows at altitudes from 0 to 1,600 meters in Thailand , Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, on Andaman and Nicobar Islands and in the Chinese province of Hainan .
Ancistrocladus uncinatus Hutch. & Dalziel : It only occurs in Nigeria.
Ancistrocladus wallichii Planch. : It is common in South Asia.

swell

The family of Ancistrocladaceae in APWebsite. (Sections systematics and description)
The Ancistrocladaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (Section description)
Yinzheng Wang & Roy E. Gereau: Ancistrocladaceae - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 13 - Clusiaceae through Araliaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 (Description section)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Yinzheng Wang & Roy E. Gereau: Ancistrocladaceae - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 13 - Clusiaceae through Araliaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7
↑ ^a ^b ^c The Ancistrocladaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz.
↑ Ancistrocladaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ancistrocladus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 15, 2020.

literature

Charlotte M. Taylor, Roy E. Gereau & Gretchen M. Walters: Revision of Ancistrocladus Wall. (Ancistrocladaceae) . In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . Volume 92, No. 3 , 2005, p. 360-399 (English, botanicus.org ).
M. Cheek: A synoptic revision of Ancistrocladus (Ancistrocladaceae) in Africa, with a new species from western Cameroon. , Kew Bulletin, 2000.

Web links

Commons : Ancistrocladus - collection of images, videos and audio files

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Yinzheng Wang & Roy E. Gereau: Ancistrocladaceae - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 13 - Clusiaceae through Araliaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7

[DELTA-2] The Ancistrocladaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz.

[GRIN-3] Ancistrocladaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 20, 2013.

[WCSP-4] Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ancistrocladus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 15, 2020.