Star anise family
| Star anise family | ||||||||||||
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Kadsura japonica , illustration |
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| Schisandraceae | ||||||||||||
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The star anise family (Schisandraceae) are a family of plants in the order of the Austrobaileyales . The areas of the species range from Sri Lanka to Southeast Asia to the western Malay Archipelago , and from the southeastern USA to eastern Mexico . A well-known species is the real star anise ( Illicium verum ).
description
They are woody plants: shrubs , trees and lianas . There are oil or mucous glands. They contain essential oils . The alternate leaves are simple, herbaceous to leathery and stalked. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated. Stipules are missing.
The more or less radial symmetry flowers are screwy (spiral), not in whorls. The inflorescence consists of helically arranged (five to) twelve to many bracts , where either a gradual transition from sepals to petals can be observed or all bracts are designed the same. In Schisandra and Kadsura the flowers are unisexual, in Illicium they are hermaphroditic. There are four to many fertile stamens in male and hermaphrodite flowers . Tricolpate pollen grains are present. In female and hermaphrodite flowers there are (five to) seven to 15 (up to 21, up to many) free, upper carpels .
There are follicles or berries formed or the fruits are interpreted as fleshy fruits collection with zweisamigen part fruits.
Systematics
The botanical name of the type genus Schisandra is derived from the Greek words: schizein for columns and aner , andros for man, male organ, this refers to the separate counters of some Schisandra species. Synonyms for Schisandraceae Blume are Illiciaceae Berchtold & Presl and Kadsuraceae Radogizky .
The Schisandraceae family comprises three genera with about 92 species.
- Star anise ( Illicium L. ): The approximately 42 species are distributed from India to East Asia and from North to Central America .
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Schisandra , also known as "Spaltkölbchen" ( Schisandra Michx. ): The 30 species are mainly used in Asia, only one type ( Schisandra glabra ) is in North America. This subheading includes, for example:
- Chinese split cage ( Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. ): It is distributed from the Amur region through China , Korea , Japan to Sakhalin .
- Schisandra glabra (Brickell) Rehder : It occurs in Mexico and in the southeastern United States.
- Large-flowered split cup ( Schisandra grandiflora Hook. F. & Thomson ): It is widespread from Himachal Pradesh in India and Myanmar to southwest China.
- Schisandra repanda (Siebold & Zucc.) ACSm. : It occurs in Japan and South Korea .
- Red-flowered split cup ( Schisandra rubriflora Rehder & EH Wilson , Syn .: Schisandra grandiflora var. Rubriflora (Rehder & EH Wilson) CK Schneid. ): It occurs in Indian Assam and western China.
- Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder & EH Wilson : It is common in China.
- Kadsura or ball filaments ( Kadsura Juss. ): The 28 or so species are common in eastern and south-eastern Asia.
swell
- The family of Schisandraceae in APWebsite. (Sections systematics and description)
- Brief description of the Tübingen Botanical Garden. (German)
- RMK Saunders: Schisandraceae in Species plantarum: Flora of the World. , Part 4, Canberra, Australian Biological Resources Study. , 2001, 62 pages.
- T. Denk, I.-C. Oh: Phylogeny of Schisandraceae based on morphological data: evidence from modern plants and the fossil record. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 256, pp. 113-145, Springer-Verlag, 2005.
- Luo, SX., LJ. Zhang, S. Yuan, ZH. Ma, DX. Zhang, and SS Renner. 2018. The largest early-diverging angiosperm family is mostly pollinated by ovipositing insects and so are most surviving lineages of early angiosperms. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 285: 20172365; DOI: 10.1098 / rspb.2017.2365
- The family at DELTA. There only with two genera. (Section description)
- Yuhu Liu, Nianhe Xia, Liu Yuhu, Richard MK Saunders: Schisandraceae. without Illicium , p. 39 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 7: Menispermaceae through Capparaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008. ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 (Description and Distribution Sections)
- Michael A. Vincent: Schisandraceae. with only two genres - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 3: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6 (Description and Distribution Sections)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Schisandraceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 4, 2020.
