Kadsura

Kadsura
	Kadsura japonica
Systematics
Department :	Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Order :	Austrobaileyales
Family :	Star anise family (Schisandraceae)
Genre :	Kadsura
Scientific name
	Kadsura
	Yuss.

The Kadsura , also called globular filaments , are a genus of plants in the star anise family (Schisandraceae). The best-known species of the genus is composed of East Asia dating kadsura japonica . Some types of Kadsura are used as medicinal plants.

Surname

The name Kadsura comes from the Japanese kazura ( Japanese 葛 , " climbing plant "). However, the character is also used for the kudzu . In Japan, Kadsura japonica is called sanekazura ( 実葛 , literally "fruit climbing plant") or also binankazura ( 美男葛 , literally: "handsome man climbing plant").

description

Illustration by Kadsura japonica

Vegetative characteristics

Kadsura species are woody climbing plants . They can be evergreen or deciduous. The plant parts are bare (except in Kadsura induta ).

The alternate leaves are arranged in a leaf blade and a petiole. The paper-like to leathery leaf blade is elliptical, ovate or obovate. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated. Stipules are missing.

Flowers, fruits and seeds

Fruit clusters of Kadsura japonica

They are mostly monoecious ( monoecious ) or rarely dioecious ( dioecious ) separate sexes. The unisexual flowers are in leaf axils or over short-lived bracts , rarely cauliflower usually singly or more rarely in twos or four together. Of the 7 to 24 bracts , the innermost and the outermost are smaller than the middle ones. The male contain 13 to 80 stamens ; they are mostly fused at most at their base, sometimes they stand upside down. The pollen is six colpat. In the female flowers the 17 to 300 free carpels are arranged in a spiral. Each carpel usually contains one to five, rarely up to eleven ovules .

Several to many individual fruits stand together on an ellipsoidal or culled flower axis (receptaculum). The almost spherical, obovate or elongated egg-shaped individual fruits turn red or yellow when ripe and usually contain one to five, rarely up to eleven seeds each. The seeds are smooth.

Systematics and distribution

The genus kadsura was 1810 Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Annales du muséum national d'histoire naturelle , 16, p 340 first published . The type species is Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal . The genus Kadsura belongs to the subfamily Schisandroideae in the family Schisandraceae . The Kadsura species are mainly native to East and Southeast Asia , for example there are eight species in China .

The genus Kadsura contains about 14-28 species:

Kadsura acsmithii R.MKSaunders : The home is Borneo.
Kadsura angustifolia A.C.Sm. : It occurs from Guangxi to northern Vietnam.
Kadsura borneensis A.C.Sm. : It occurs in Borneo in the area of Mount Kinabalu .
Kadsura celebica A.C.Sm. : It occurs in northern Sulawesi.
Kadsura coccinea (Lemaire) ACSmith (Syn .: Kadsura ananosma Kerr ): It occurs from southern China to Indochina.
Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib (Syn .: Uvaria heteroclita Roxburgh ; Kadsura polysperma Y.C.Yang ): It occurs from southern China to Sri Lanka and western Malesia.
Kadsura induta A.C.Sm. : It occurs from Yunnan and Guangxi to northern Vietnam.
Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal (Syn .: Uvaria japonica L. ); Home: China, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea
Kadsura lanceolata King : It is native to Malesia.
Kadsura longipedunculata Finet & Gagnepain (Syn .: Kadsura peltigera Rehder & EHWilson ): It occurs from central China to Hainan.
Kadsura marmorata (Hend. & Andr.Hend.) ACSm. : It occurs from Borneo to the Philippines.
Kadsura matsudae Hayata : It occurs from the Nansei Islands to Taiwan.
Kadsura oblongifolia Merrill : It occurs from Guangxi and Guangdong to Hainan .
Kadsura philippinensis Elmer : The home is the Philippines.
Kadsura renchangiana S.F.Lan : The home is the Chinese Autonomous Region of Guangxi.
Kadsura scandens (flower) flower : It occurs from western Malesia to Bali.
Kadsura verrucosa (Gagnep.) ACSm. : It occurs from western Malesia to Indochina.

swell

Yuhu Liu, Nianhe Xia, Liu Yuhu & Richard MK Saunders: Schisandraceae in the Flora of China , Volume 7, p. 39: Kadsura - Online. (Section description and systematics)
Walter Erhardt among others: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7

Individual evidence

^ Kadsura at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ ^A ^b Kadsura in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Kadsura. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 1, 2018.
↑ Yuhu Liu, Nianhe Xia, Liu Yuhu & Richard MK Saunders: Schisandraceae in the Flora of China , Volume 7, p. 39: Kadsura - Online.

Web links

Commons : Kadsura - collection of images, videos and audio files

Entry in Plants for a Future . (engl.)

[tropicos-1] Kadsura at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[GRIN-2] A ^b Kadsura in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 1, 2018.

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Kadsura. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 1, 2018.

[4] Yuhu Liu, Nianhe Xia, Liu Yuhu & Richard MK Saunders: Schisandraceae in the Flora of China , Volume 7, p. 39: Kadsura - Online.