Cranesbills

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Cranesbills
Meadow cranesbill (Geranium pratense)

Meadow cranesbill ( Geranium pratense )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Cranesbills
Scientific name
Geraniales
Yuss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl

The cranesbill-like (Geraniales) are an order of the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida).

description

They are often herbaceous , less often woody plants. The leaves are usually compound or lobed. Stipules are mostly present.

The flowers are five-fold or, more rarely, four-fold, they are radial symmetry or zygomorphic . On the surface, the flower morphology differs massively between the individual Geraniales families; in fact, a number of similarities can be found. The nectaries play a special role in the flower morphology. These are relatively fixed in their position and only reduced within the Vivianiaceae.

Systematics

The cranesbill are the sister group of the Myrtales within Eurosiden II . Depending on the classification, they include two to five families. While APG III recognized three families (Geraniaceae, Melianthaceae and Vivianiaceae), the Geraniales in APG IV are divided into only two families (Geraniaceae and Francoaceae). Another classification based on molecular phylogenetics and vegetative and generative morphology divides the Geraniales into five families: Geraniaceae, Hypseocharitaceae, Melianthaceae, Francoaceae and Vivianiaceae:

Cranesbill family (Geraniaceae Juss. )

Hypseocharitaceae Wedd.

Honey shrub plants (Melianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl , incl.Bersamaceae Doweld )

Francoaceae A.Juss. (including Greyiaceae Hutch. )

Vivianiaceae Klotzsch ( syn.Ledocarpaceae Meyen , incl.Rhynchothecaceae )

  • Balbisia Cav. (including Wendtia Meyen )
  • Rhynchotheca Ruiz & Pav.
  • Viviania Cav. (including Araeoandra Lefor , Caesarea Cambess. , Cissarobryon Poepp. )

Current phylogenetic tree based on molecular data:

Geraniales
Hypseocharitaceae
Geraniaceae
Francoaceae
Vivianiaceae
Melianthaceae

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Julius Jeiter, Maximilian Weigend, Hartmut H. Hilger: Geraniales flowers revisited: evolutionary trends in floral nectaries . In: Annals of Botany . tape 119 , no. 3 , February 1, 2017, ISSN  0305-7364 , p. 395-408 , doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcw230 .
  2. ↑ Julius Jeiter, Hartmut H. Hilger, Erik F. Smets, Maximilian Weigend: The relationship between nectaries and floral architecture: a case study in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae . In: Annals of Botany . tape 120 , no. 5 , November 10, 2017, ISSN  0305-7364 , p. 791-803 , doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcx101 .
  3. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
  4. ↑ An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 181 , no. 1 , March 24, 2016, ISSN  0024-4074 , p. 1-20 , doi : 10.1111 / boj.12385 .
  5. ^ A b Luis Palazzesi, Marc Gottschling, Viviana Barreda, Maximilian Weigend: First Miocene fossils of Vivianiaceae shed new light on phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of Geraniales . In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 107 , no. 1 , June 22, 2012, ISSN  0024-4066 , p. 67-85 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.2012.01910.x .
  6. ↑ a b Julius Jeiter, Theodor CH Cole, Hartmut H Hilger: Geraniales Phylogeny Poster (GPP). August 7, 2017, accessed May 31, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Geraniales  - Collection of images, videos and audio files