Potted fruit trees

Potted fruit trees
	Gustavia superba , illustration
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
Order :	Heather-like (Ericales)
Family :	Potted fruit trees
Scientific name
	Lecythidaceae
	A.Rich.

The lecythidaceae or pot fruit plants (Lecythidaceae) are a family of plants of the order of the heather-like (Ericales) within the flowering plant . They have a disjoint area : on the one hand tropical South America and on the other hand Africa with Madagascar . The economically most important species of this family is the Brazil nut tree ( Bertholletia excelsa ).

Description and ecology

Subfamily Lecythidoideae: Illustration of plant parts of the Brazil nut tree ( Bertholletia excelsa )

Subfamily Napoleonoideae: flowers of Napoleonaea imperialis

Vegetative characteristics

These woody plants usually grow as evergreen trees or shrubs , rarely as lianas . The alternate and spirally concentrated at the ends of branches or two lines distributed on the branches arranged leaves are simple and pedicle (or perforated) with smooth margin. Stipules are small or absent.

Generative characteristics

The mostly short inflorescences can be very different in shape, but they are often racemose or the flowers are solitary. Usually bracts are present. The hermaphrodite, often large, showy to very small flowers are radially symmetrical to zygomorphic . There are usually four to six (two to twelve) thick sepals that are bell-shaped and fused with the ovary. The (rarely missing) three to ten (up to 16) petals are usually free. In each flower there are usually many (10 to 1200) stamens ; they have grown together in some circles at their base. Often some stamens are sterile. The disc is sometimes lobed. Two to eight carpels have become a half to completely permanent ovary grown. Each ovary compartment contains one to many ovules . The stylus ends in a cephalic scar. The pollination is effected by insects ( Entomophilie ), birds ( ornithophily ) or by bats ( Chiropterophilie ); Depending on the pollinator, the Androeceum is radial symmetry or zygomorphic, which represents a coevolution .

Mostly woody capsule fruits , rarely berries, are formed, which are often still surrounded by the sepals. The fruits often only contain one seed, but there can also be a few (for example with the Brazil nut) to many. The seeds are usually hairy. There is no endosperm .

ingredients

They contain flavonols and ellagic acid .

Systematics and distribution

Subfamily Foetidioideae: leaves of Foetidia mauritiana

Subfamily Lecythidoideae: The flowers of the cannonball tree ( Couroupita guianensis ) with zygomorphic Androeceum

Subfamily Lecythidoideae: flowers and flower buds of Gustavia superba

Subfamily Napoleonoideae: Napoleonaea imperialis

Subfamily Planchonioideae: leaves and fruits of Barringtonia acutangula in a freshwater mangrove forest

Subfamily Planchonioideae: Careya arborea

The family name Lecythidaceae was first published in 1825 by Achille Richard in Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle , 9, p. 259. Type genus is Lecythis Loefl.

The family Lecythidaceae owns a disjoint area : on the one hand tropical South America and on the other hand Africa with Madagascar .

The family Lecythidaceae is divided into five subfamilies and it contains (previously 10) in the new further interpretation about 25 genera with 250 to 325 species:

Subfamily Foetidioideae Engl. (Syn .: Foetidiaceae): It contains only one genus:

Foetidia Comm. ex Lam. : Of the approximately 18 species, 14 species are found in Madagascar , three species in the Comoros and Mascarene Islands and two species in Tanzania .

Subfamily Lecythidioideae Beilschmied (Syn .: Lecythidaceae, Gustaviaceae): It contains ten neotropical genera with about 215 species:

Allantoma Miers (Syn .: Goeldinia Huber ): The eight species since 2008 arewidespreadin tropical South America .

Bertholletia Bonpl. (Syn .: Barthollesia Silva Manso ): It contains only one species:
Brazil nut tree ( Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. )

Cariniana Casar. (Syn .: Amphoricarpus Spruce ex Miers ): This genus was divided in 2008 and some species were placed in the genus Allantoma . The ninespecies remainingin the genus Cariniana with completely radially symmetrical flowers are widespread in tropical South America. The eight species with a zygomorphic Androeceum are placed in the previously monotypic genus Allantoma .
Cariniana legalis Mart. Kuntze : From eastern Brazil

Corythophora R.Knuth : The four species are common in tropical South America.

Couratari Aubl. (Syn .: Curatari JFGmel. , Curataria Spreng. , Lecythopsis Cabinet , Pontopidana Scop. ): The 19 species are widespread in Central America and in tropical South America.

Couroupita Aubl. : The three types are widespread in Central America and tropical South America.

Eschweilera Mart. ex DC. (Syn .: Jugastrum Miers , Neohuberia Ledoux ): The approximately 96 species are distributed from southern Mexico to tropical South America and to Trinidad.

Grias L .: The twelve species arewidespreadfrom Central America to Peru and Jamaica.

Gustavia L. (Syn .: Japarandiba Adans. , Perigaria Span. , Pirigara Aubl. , Teichmeyeria Scop. ): The 44 or so species are widespread in Central America and in tropical South America.

Paradise nuts ( Lecythis Loefl .; Syn .: Holopyxidium Ducke , Bergena Adans. , Cercophora Miers , Chytroma Miers , Pachylecythis Ledoux , Sapucaya R.Knuth , Strailia T.Durand ): The approximately 30 species are widespread in Central America and in tropical South America.

Subfamily Napoleonoideae Bentham : It contains two genera with eleven species in Africa:
- Crateranthus Baker f. : The fouror sospecies are distributed in southern Nigeria , Cameroon, Gabon , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo.
- Napoleonaea P.Beauv. (Syn .: Napoleona P.Beauv. ): The approximately 17 species are distributed from tropical West Africa to Angola.
  - Napoleonaea vogelii Hook. & Planch. : From West Africa
Subfamily Planchonioideae Engler (Syn .: Barringtoniaceae): There are six palaeotropic genera with about 58 species in Australasia :
- Abdulmajidia Whitmore : There are about two species on the Malay Peninsula . But they are also sometimes placed in the genus Barringtonia .

Subfamily Scytopetaloideae O.Appel (Syn .: Asteranthaceae R.Knuth nom. Cons., Rhaptopetalaceae Solander , Scytopetalaceae Engl. ): The six genera with about 21 species are mainly distributed in tropical West Africa and one species occurs in northern Brazil:
- Asteranthos Desf. (Syn .: Asteranthus Spreng. ): It contains only one species:
  - Asteranthos brasiliensis Desf. : It occurs from eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northern Brazil.
- Brazzeia Baill. (Syn .: Erythropyxis Engl. , Erytropyxis Pierre , Pseudobrazzeia Engl. ): The three or so species are distributed from west-central tropical Africa to Uganda.
- Oubanguia Baill. : The three or so species are distributed from southeastern Nigeria to west-central tropical Africa.
- Pierrina Engl .: It contains only one species:
  - Pierrina zenkeri Engl .: It occurs in west-central tropical Africa.
- Rhaptopetalum olive. : The approximately 12 species are distributed from West Africa to the west-central tropical Africa.
- Scytopetalum Pierre ex Engl .: The four or so species are distributed from West Africa to west-central tropical Africa.

swell

The Lecythidaceae family on the AP website. (Sections systematics and description)
SA Mori, Chih-Hua Tsou, C.-C. Wu, B. Cronholm & Arne A. Anderberg: Evolution of Lecythidaceae with an emphasis on the circumscription of neotropical genera: information from combined ndhF and trnL-F sequence data. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 94, 2007, pp. 289-301.
Chih-Hua Tsou & SA Mori: Floral organogenesis and floral evolution of the Lecythidoideae (Lecythidaceae). In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 94, 2007, pp. 716-736. (Section systematics and description)
Haining Qin, Sir Ghillean T. Prance: Lecythidaceae. , P. 293 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 (section description)

Individual evidence

↑ Lecythidaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
^ Ghillean T. Prance: A revision of Foetidia (Lecythidaceae subfamily Foetidioideae). In: Brittonia , Volume 60, Number 4, 2008, pp. 336-348.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Lecythidaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 27, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b Y.-Y. Huang, SA Mori, Ghillean T. Prance: A phylogeny of Cariniana (Lecythidaceae) based on morphological and anatomical data , in Brittonia , 60, 2008, pp. 69-81.
^ ^A ^b David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses . 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4

Web links

Commons : Potted Fruit Family (Lecythidaceae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

SA Mori & GT Prance: The Lecythidaceae Pages. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 2006 onward.
The family of the Asteranthaceae , the family of the Barringtoniaceae , the family of the Foetidiaceae , the family of the Napoleonaeaceae , the family of the Scytopetalaceae and the family of the Lecythidaceae s.str. still with the few genera at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (English)
Marc van Roosmalen : Lecythidaceae from: Illustrated Guide to the Fruits and Seeds of the Amazonian Flora : PDF-Online.