Gustavia (genus)
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Gustavia superba , illustration |
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Gustavia is a genus of plants in the potted fruit tree family (Lecythidaceae). The approximately 42 species are common in tropical South America .
description
The Gustavia species are trees that range in size from small trees to large plants in the crown layer. The branching pattern of some species ( e.g. G. superba or G. monocaulis ) differs from the usual image of a tree: The trees are little or not branched at all, the few branches are proportionally quite thick, the leaves are very large (up to 120 centimeters long) and heaped at the branch ends. In other species, the leaves are evenly distributed on the branches, the crown structure is similar to that of central European trees.
The stalked leaves are simple, entire or toothed and smooth. The nerve is pinnate and the lateral arteries sometimes converge intramarginally.
The hermaphrodite flowers are in traubigen to rispigen and final, axillary, or überachsel- astständigen, ramifloren inflorescences together. More or less durable support sheets and front sheets can be formed. The very large, mostly fragrant flowers with a double flower envelope are radial symmetry . There are up to 6 more or less fused sepals and 6–18 petals. Striking are the many (up to over 1000) in the lower part of the ring-shaped, fused, fertile stamens which are bent with the anthers towards the center of the flower, so that a toroidal structure is created. The multi-chambered (up to 10) ovary is mostly subordinate, with many ovules per chamber. The stylus is usually relatively short and the scar is completely up lobed.
The rounded, berry-like fruits do not open when ripe. They are flattened at the top and have a lid (operculum) and a prominent ring. They contain 2 to over 50 (occasionally only one) seeds which sometimes have an aril or an enlarged funiculus . The seeds lie in a pulp that is sometimes edible.
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Systematics and distribution
The genus Gustavia was established by Carl von Linné in 1775 . Synonyms for Gustavia L. nom. cons. are: Japarandiba Adans. nom. rej ., Holopyxidium Scop. , Perigaria Span. , Pirigara Aubl. , Spallanzania Neck.
The Gustavia species are common in northern South America, from Panama south through the Andes to Ecuador , as well as along the Caribbean coast and in the Amazon lowlands . They colonize both flooded and better-drained locations ( terra firme ). Some species such as Gustavia superba also occur in disturbed locations outside of closed forests, which is rather unusual for the potted tree family.
There are about 42 Gustavia - types :
- Gustavia acuminata S.A. Mori : It occurs from southern Venezuela to the Roraima in Brazil.
- Gustavia angustifolia Benth. : It occurs from western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador.
- Gustavia augusta L .: It is common in tropical South America.
- Gustavia brachycarpa Pittier : It occurs in Costa Rica and Panama.
- Gustavia coriacea S.A. Mori : It occurs in Venezuela.
- Gustavia dodsonii S.A. Mori : The home is northwest Ecuador .
- Gustavia dubia (Kunth) O.Berg : It occurs in Panama and Colombia.
- Gustavia elliptica S.A. Mori : It occurs in northern Brazil.
- Gustavia erythrocarpa S.A. Mori : It only occurs in the Brazilian state of Pará .
- Gustavia excelsa R.Knuth : The home is Colombia .
- Gustavia flagellata S.A. Mori : It occurs in two varieties in northern Venezuela.
- Gustavia foliosa Cuatrec. : It occurs from Colombia to Ecuador.
- Gustavia fosteri S.A. Mori : The home is Panama .
- Gustavia gentryi S.A. Mori : It occurs in Colombia.
- Gustavia gigantophylla Sandwith : It occurs from Venezuela to Guiana.
- Gustavia gracillima Miers : The homeland is western Colombia.
- Gustavia gracillipes R.Knuth : It occurs in Colombia.
- Gustavia grandibracteata Croat & SAMori : It occurs in Panama and Colombia.
- Gustavia hexapetala (Aubl.) Sm .: It occurs in tropical South America.
- Gustavia inakuama S.A.Mori : It occurs in Peru.
- Gustavia latifolia Miers : The home is Colombia.
- Gustavia longifolia Poepp. ex O.Berg : It occurs from western South America to northern Brazil.
- Gustavia longifuniculata S.A.Mori : The home is Colombia.
- Gustavia longepetiolata Huber : It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Pará.
- Gustavia macarenensis Philipson : It occurs in two subspecies from Colombia to Venezuela and northern Peru.
- Gustavia monocaulis S.A.Mori : It occurs in Panama and Colombia.
- Gustavia nana Pittier : It occurs in two subspecies from Panama to northwestern Colombia.
- Gustavia parviflora S.A. Mori : It occurs in Venezuela.
- Gustavia petiolata S.A. Mori : The homeland is western Colombia.
- Gustavia poeppigiana O.Berg : It occurs in tropical South America.
- Gustavia pubescens Ruiz & Pav. Ex O.Berg : The home is north-western Ecuador.
- Gustavia pulchra Miers : It occurs from southern Venezuela to northern Brazil.
- Gustavia romeroi S.A. Mori & García-Barr. : It occurs in Colombia.
- Gustavia santanderiensis R.Knuth : The home is Colombia.
- Gustavia serrata S.A. Mori : The home is Ecuador.
- Gustavia sessilis S.A. Mori : The home is north-western Colombia.
- Gustavia speciosa (Kunth) DC. : It occurs from Colombia to Ecuador.
- Gustavia superba (Kunth) O.Berg : It is distributed from Panama to Colombia to northwest Ecuador.
- Gustavia tejerae R.Knuth : It occurs in Venezuela.
- Gustavia terminaliflora S.A. Mori : It occurs in northern Peru.
- Gustavia verticillata Miers : It occurs in Panama and Colombia.
swell
- SA Mori, GT Prance: The Lecythidaceae Pages. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 2006 onward. online , accessed August 15, 2007.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.) : Gustavia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 27, 2017.
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