Yport
| Yport | ||
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| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Seine-Maritime | |
| Arrondissement | Le Havre | |
| Canton | Fécamp | |
| Community association | Fécamp Caux Littoral Agglomération | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 44 ′ N , 0 ° 19 ′ E | |
| height | 0-96 m | |
| surface | 2.07 km 2 | |
| Residents | 798 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 386 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 76111 | |
| INSEE code | 76754 | |
| Website | http://www.ville-yport.fr | |
 View of Yport from the Falaise d'Aval |
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Yport is a French municipality with 798 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Seine-Maritime in the region Normandy .
geography
Yport is geographically part of the Pays de Caux . The former fishing port and today's tourist town is located below the steep chalk cliffs ( Falaises ) of the Alabaster coast about 30 kilometers north of Le Havre on the English Channel .
history
The Pays de Caux was presumably already settled in the Neolithic . After the 4th century BC it was inhabited by the Caletes , a Gallic tribe.
In Roman times , a road from Fécamp to Étretat ran on top of the cliffs, through what is now called Fond Pitron , the course of which is followed by today's D940. According to archaeological excavations, there was a branch between the rocks down to the sea from this main route, but there is no evidence of a permanent Roman settlement on the site of today's Yport. It is believed to be a fishing port.
Documentary evidence of a settlement by the sea, which was connected to Criquebeuf-en-Caux with a church, cemetery and school , located above on the plateau , is only available for the late Middle Ages. The first port facilities are documented for the 17th century. An independent parish of Yport with its own church only dates back to the 19th century. The comune was founded on January 1st, 1843 with Jean-Baptiste Feuilloley as its first mayor.
The main source of income for the community was fishing. It offered virtually the only jobs for the settlement with 1,800 inhabitants. The port facilities were expanded in the middle and second half of the 19th century: a loading ramp was built in 1842, an extended pier in 1858, a deepened fairway for landing ships at low tide in 1873, a guard house with an artillery platform for defense in 1852 (demolished in 1905). For obtaining the ships at the pebble beach was needed capstans ( Cabestans ), and as a device scales were used so-called caloges (inverted boats - caiques - with an opening and cover - often Reet - provided).
In 1849 and 1884 the community was affected by a cholera epidemic.
As everywhere on the Côte d'Albâtre , fishing in Yport plays a very subordinate role in the 21st century. The last fishing huts disappeared in the 1960s. In their place there is now a large parking lot. Yport now lives mainly from its casino and tourism.
A local fisherman's dialect ( langue yportaise ), which has almost disappeared in the 21st century, differs significantly from the inland local dialects of farmers; However, there is also a social component to the misunderstandings documented in this respect.
Population development
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2009 | 2016 |
| Residents | 1399 | 1193 | 1159 | 1121 | 1141 | 1011 | 947 | 834 |
| Sources: Cassini and INSEE | ||||||||
Yport in painting and literature
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Like the entire Côte d'Albâtre, Yport lies on the so-called Impressionist Route. The port and the rocky coastline inspired Claude Monet (watercolor Les falaises à Yport , 1861), Paul Colin ( La vallée d'Yport, 1880 ), Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( Marée basse à Yport , 1883) and Albert-Auguste Fourie ( Un repas de noces à Yport , 1886).
Guy de Maupassant's novel Une vie (1883) is set in Yport.
In Georges Simenon's crime novel Maigret et la vieille dame (1950) the victim Rose comes from Yport.
Yport is also the setting for contemporary French literature by Frédéric H. Fajardie (four-page novella Un soir d'hiver à Yport , in Chrysalide des villes , 1999), Pierre Guyaut-Genon ( Le rivage des égarés , 2002) and Aristide Frémine ( Un bénédictin , 2002).
Yport today
The tourist image that the municipality lends itself to the historical tradition, although the port facility has been redesigned to a beach promenade. Boats lie on the pebble beach, and the only hotel is in a historic building with half-timbered turrets from the 19th century. Vacation homes and fish restaurants convey fishing village associations through their name components ( La Caique ; des Cabestans ). The limited capacities prevent the location from being overloaded.
The main attraction are the chalk cliffs falling perpendicular to the sea on both sides of the village. As in Étretat, the eastern Falaise d'Amont and the western Falaise d'Aval are named; However, their formations do not come close to the range of variation of the known neighboring town. Rock caves at ground level still indicate that in the 19th and early 20th centuries apartments and coach houses were housed here, which are still shown on historical postcards. During World War II, German soldiers used these caves as a log cabin .
Popular leisure activities of holiday guests today are beach walks on the pebbles and, at low tide, on the mussel beds below the Falaises , fishing, boating, hiking on the cliffs and trips to the nearby tourist metropolises of Normandy , for example Ètretat and Honfleur .
Retail stores sell beach items and local produce (such as calvados , cider , juice, and jam made from Norman apples).
Festivals
- Torchlight procession on July 13th, on the eve of the French national holiday
- Fête de la mer on August 15th: mass and blessing, procession with votive pictures, exhibition of paintings and sculptures in the streets and on the beach
