Honeysuckle family

Honeysuckle family
	Fragrant honeysuckle; or Jelängerjelieber ; ( Lonicera caprifolium )
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family :	Honeysuckle family
Scientific name
	Caprifoliaceae
	Yuss.

The honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae, from Latin capra = the goat and folium = the leaf) are a family of plants in the card-like order (Dipsacales).

Systematics

Subfamily Caprifolioideae: inflorescence with violet bracts and white flowers of Leycesteria formosa

Subfamily Caprifolioideae: Berries of Triosteum himalayanum

Subfamily Dipsacoideae: Lomelosia stellata

Subfamily Valerianoideae: opposite leaves and inflorescence of the cornucopia fedie ( Fedia cornucopiae )

Molecular genetic studies in the order of the cardiforms (Dipsacales) have led since around 1998 to the fact that the boundaries of the families of this order were shifted. She was divided into several small families and reclassified; then the many small families became one large family of the Caprifoliaceae s. l. summarized. According to APG III, the families Diervillaceae , Dipsacaceae , Linnaeaceae , Morinaceae and Valerianaceae , previously run as independent families, were incorporated into the Caprifoliaceae . On the other hand, other studies, for example the working group around Charles C. Bell, Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, the Flora of China 2011 and many others assume that almost all of them are independent families. It is still controversially discussed.

The honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) includes a single genus and six subfamilies with around 40 genera:

incertae sedis :
- Triplostegia Wall. ex DC. is listed as a single sister taxon of the cardiac family and the valerian family : The two species are widespread in southeast Asia and eastern Malesia. Their distribution area extends from India and Nepal northwards to Gansu , southwards to Malaysia and eastwards to Taiwan. Both types are found in China.

Subfamily Caprifolioideae :
- Heptacodium Rehder: It contains only one type:
  - Heptacodium miconioides Rehder : It is endemic to the Chinese province of Hubei .
- Leycesteria Wall. : The approximately five species are native from the Himalayas to southwest China (four species).
- Honeysuckle , also honeysuckle called ( Lonicera L. ): The approximately 180 species are widely used in the Northern hemisphere in Eurasien, North Africa, as well as in North America. 57 species occur in China, 23 of them only there.
- Triosteum L .: Of the approximately six species, three are distributed in East Asia (three in China) and three in eastern North America.
- Snowberries ( Symphoricarpos Duhamel ): The approximately 15 species are mainly distributed from North America to Mexico. One species is native to China.

Subfamily Diervilloideae : The only two genera with around 16 species have a disjoint total area : on the one hand eastern Asia, on the other hand the southeastern USA. (For the genera see subfamily article)

Subfamily Linnaeoideae : The seven genera with about 19 species have a wide distribution area in the northern hemisphere includes North America, Mexico, Europe and in Asia Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan, India, China, Korea and Japan. (For the genera see subfamily article)

Subfamily Morinoideae Burnett : It contains only two (or three) genera with about twelve species:
- Acanthocalyx (DC.) Tiegh. : The roughly two species thrive in the Himalayas and in the Hengduan Mountains. Both types are found in China.
- Cardendisteln ( Morina L. , Syn .: Cryptothladia (Bunge) MJCannon , Asaphes Sprengel non DC. ): The ten or so species are distributed from the Balkans across Central Asia to the Eastern Himalayas. There are eight species in China, four of which are only there. An example is:
  - Long-leaved card thistle ( Morina longifolia Wall. Ex DC. ): It thrives in the Himalayan region.

Subfamily Cardaceae (Dipsacoideae Eaton , Syn .: Dipsacaceae Juss. ): The former 11, since 2013 14 genera with around 290 species are native to the temperate to subtropical zones of Eurasia and Africa as well as in tropical and southern Africa. The main area of distribution is the Mediterranean region and Asia Minor. (For the genera see subfamily article)

Subfamily valerian plants (Valerianoideae Raf. , Syn .: Valerianaceae Batsch , Valerianeae Dumort. ): The eight genera and about 350 species thrive in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and in the higher layers and often montane regions of the Andes . They are completely absent in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Southeast Asia and Australia. (For the genera see subfamily article)

swell

Entry to the family of Caprifoliaceae. In: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Online . Retrieved on February 1, 2012 (English, section description, system and distribution).

Qiner Yang, Sven Landrein, Joanna Osborne & Renata Borosova: Caprifoliaceae In Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 , pp. 616 (English). Caprifoliaceae , Qiner Yang, Fred R. Barrie & Charles D. Bell p. 615: Diervillaceae , Qiner Yang & Sven Landrein p. 642: Linaceae , Deyuan Hong, Liming Ma & Fred R. Barrie p. 654: Dipsacaceae , Deyuan Hong & Fred R. Barrie p. 649: Morinaceae and Deyuan Hong, Fred R. Barrie & Charles D. Bell Deyuan Hong, Liming Ma & Fred R. Barrie p. 661 Valerianaceae (same text online as the printed work, section description, systematics and distribution)

Wen-Heng Zhang, Zhi-Duan Chen, Jian-Hua Lic, Hu-Biao Chenb & Yan-Cheng Tanga: Phylogeny of the Dipsacales s. l. based on chloroplast trnL-F and ndhF sequences . In: Elsevier BV (Ed.): Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 26 , no. 2 , February 2003, ISSN 1055-7903 , p. 176–189 , doi : 10.1016 / S1055-7903 (02) 00303-2 (English, electronic edition abstract at ScienceDirekt).

Tang Yang-chen & Li Liang-qian: The Phytogeography of Caprifoliaceae s. st. with Its Implications for Understanding Eastern Asiatic Flora . In: Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.): Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica . tape 31 , no. 3 . Beijing 1994, OCLC 238667581 , p. 197-218 (English).

Nina Theis, Michael J. Donoghue, Jianhua Li: Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences . In: American Society of Plant Taxonomists (Ed.): Systematic Botany . tape 33 , 4, October – December, October 1, 2008, ISSN 0363-6445 , p. 776–783 , doi : 10.1600 / 036364408786500163 (English, electronic edition at ingentaconnect).

Individual evidence

↑ An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III . In: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (Ed.): Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 161 , 2009, ISSN 1095-8339 , p. 105-121 (English).

^ Charles D. Bell: the Bell Plant Evolution & Phylogenetics Lab. Retrieved January 31, 2012 .

↑ Caprifoliaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 15, 2014.

↑ Nancy Pyck, Erik Smets: On the systematic position of Triplostegia (Dipsacales) . A combined molecular and morphological approach. In: Royal Botanical Society of Belgium (Ed.): Belgian Journal of Botany . tape 137 , no. 2 , 2004, ISSN 0778-4031 , p. 125-139 , JSTOR : 20794547 (English).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Qiner Yang, Sven Landrein, Joanna Osborne & Renata Borosova: Caprifoliaceae In Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 , pp. 616 (English). Caprifoliaceae , Qiner Yang, Fred R. Barrie & Charles D. Bell p. 615: Diervillaceae , Qiner Yang & Sven Landrein p. 642: Linaceae , Deyuan Hong, Liming Ma & Fred R. Barrie p. 654: Dipsacaceae , Deyuan Hong & Fred R. Barrie p. 649: Morinaceae and Deyuan Hong, Fred R. Barrie & Charles D. Bell Deyuan Hong, Liming Ma & Fred R. Barrie p. 661 Valerianaceae (same text online as printed work)

Web links

Commons : Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Charles D. Bell: Dipsacales. In: Tree of Life Project. Retrieved on January 31, 2012 (English, entry from Caprifoliaceae with the clades in the version of July 31, 2004).

[APGIII-1] An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III . In: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (Ed.): Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 161 , 2009, ISSN 1095-8339 , p. 105-121 (English).

[bell-2] Charles D. Bell: the Bell Plant Evolution & Phylogenetics Lab. Retrieved January 31, 2012 .

[GRIN-3] Caprifoliaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 15, 2014.

[pyk2003-4] Nancy Pyck, Erik Smets: On the systematic position of Triplostegia (Dipsacales) . A combined molecular and morphological approach. In: Royal Botanical Society of Belgium (Ed.): Belgian Journal of Botany . tape 137 , no. 2 , 2004, ISSN 0778-4031 , p. 125-139 , JSTOR : 20794547 (English).