Linnaeoideae

Linnaeoideae
	Moss bells ( Linnaea borealis ), illustration
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family :	Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)
Subfamily :	Linnaeoideae
Scientific name
	Linnaeoideae
	Raf.

The Linnaeoideae are a subfamily of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) in the order of the cardiform (Dipsacales). The five to seven genera with 19 to 36 species are common in the northern hemisphere.

description

Illustration of Abelia species

Appearance and leaves

These are mostly independently upright shrubs or rarely creeping half-shrubs ( Linnaea ). The mostly opposite, sometimes whorled on the branches arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are usually simple and sometimes have a wavy edge. There are no stipules .

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers stand individually in the leaf axils and in twos or threes in zymous inflorescences . The bracts are either foliage-like or reduced and form a "secondary calyx" at the base of the ovary. The flowers are mostly hermaphroditic, often more or less zygomorphic to sometimes almost radial symmetry and four or five-fold. The sepals are small. All taxa have four or five intergrown petals . There is only the outer circle with four fertile stamens . The hairy stamens are fused to 1/3 to 1/2 length with the corolla tube. Three or four carpels are fused to form a subordinate, three- or four- chamber ovary. The long stylus ends in a heady scar.

The fruit is crowned by the durable sepals, only with Linnaea these fall off early. The fruits contain only one or two seeds. The relatively small embryo is straight. Endosperm is abundant .

Systematics and distribution

Foliage leaves and flowers of Dipelta floribunda

Abelia floribunda leaves and flowers

The subfamily was first described by Constantine S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz . The genera belonging here are both traditionally and according to the last systematics of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae). According to another opinion, for example in the Flora of China 2011, they are classified in a separate family Linnaeaceae .

The Linnaeaceae family includes seven genera with around 19 species. The wide distribution area in the northern hemisphere includes North America , Mexico, Europe and in Asia Russia , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , Afghanistan , Nepal , Pakistan , India , China , Korea and Japan. In China there are six genera (two of them only in China) with 15 species, eight of them only there.

There are six or seven genera with about 19 species:

Abelia R.Br. : The genus Abelia have a disjoint area with five species each in East Asia and Mexico . Of the five East Asian species of the Abelia section, three occur only in China and two also in Japan . The five Mexican species belong to the section Vesalea (M.Martens & Galeotti) Fukuoka .
Diabelia Landrein (she was previously placed with the Linnaea L. or most recently with Abelia R.Br. ): The three species all occur in Japan, two of them also in China.
Dipelta Maxim. : The only three types are common in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Guizhou , Hubei , Hunan , Shaanxi , Sichuan and Yunnan . It has two-seeded, not very juicy fruits.
Kolkwitzia Graebn. : It is a monotypical genus with the only species:
- Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn. : It thrives at altitudes of 300 to 1300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Gansu, Henan , Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and perhaps Hebei. Many varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
Linnaea L .: It is a monotypical genus with the only species:
- Moss bells ( Linnaea borealis L. ): It thrives in alpine and cool areas in large parts of the northern hemisphere .
Zabelia (Rehder) Makino (sometimes in Abelia R.Br. ): The approximately six species are common in Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, northwestern India, Nepal, China, Japan, Korea and Russia's Far East. There are three types in China, one of which is only there. Zabelia biflora is a species complex.

According to other authors, only five to six genera with about 32 species belong to the subfamily Linnaeoideae .

Comprehensive studies on the biogeography and phylogenetics of the Linnaeoideae are now available in a freely accessible publication.

More pictures

Kolkwitzia amabilis :

Abelia chinensis :

swell

Subfamily Linnaeoideae on the AP website. (Sections systematics and description)
Qiner Yang & Sven Landrein: Linnaeaceae. , P. 642 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, March 9, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 . (Sections distribution, systematics and description)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Qiner Yang & Sven Landrein: Linnaeaceae. , P. 642 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, March 9, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 .
↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
↑ Linnaeoideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
↑ Linnaeaceae on the AP website .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Sven Landrein: Diabelia, a new genus of tribe Linnaeeae subtribe Linnaeinae (Caprifoliaceae). Phytotaxa , 2010, Volume 3, pp. 34-38. Preview PDF.
↑ José Á. Villarreal-Quintanilla, José Luis Villaseñor-Ríos, Eduardo Estrada-Castillón: Sistemática del género Abelia (Caprifoliaceae) en México with an English-language summary Systematics of the genus Abelia (Caprifoliaceae) in Mexico , In: Acta Botánica Mexicana , Volume 102, 2013 99–128: online full-text PDF.
↑ Wang HF, Landrein S, Dong WP, Nie ZL, Kondo K, Funamoto T, Wen J, Zhou SL: Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic diversification of linnaeoideae (caprifoliaceae s. L.) disjunctly distributed in Eurasia, North America and Mexico. , PLoS One. 2015 Mar 10; 10 (3): e0116485, PMID 25756215

Web links

Commons : Linnaeoideae - collection of images, videos and audio files

Information on the family from the Tübingen Botanical Garden. ( Memento from February 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (German)