Garden honeysuckle

Garden honeysuckle
	Real honeysuckle ; ( Lonicera caprifolium )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family :	Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)
Genre :	Honeysuckle ( Lonicera )
Type :	Garden honeysuckle
Scientific name
	Lonicera caprifolium
	L.

The Lonicera Caprifolium ( Lonicera caprifolium ), also genuine honeysuckle , Fragrant honeysuckle or honeysuckle called, is a flowering plant in the family of Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae).

description

Illustration of the common honeysuckle ( Lonicera caprifolium )

Flowers of the garden honeysuckle

Inflorescence in close-up

Vegetative characteristics

The real honeysuckle is a right-winding, deciduous, woody climbing plant ( liana ) that can reach heights of 2 meters. If it finds a climbing aid such as small trees, bushes, pillars, gates, fences, etc., it can reach heights of 6 to 10 meters and a width of up to 3 meters. The hollow branches have initially protruding hairy, later balding, whitish frosted bark.

Of the opposite leaves , the upper ones have no stem and have grown together in pairs on the branch. The green, simple leaf blades are ovate to obovate with a length of 4 to 8, rarely up to 10 centimeters.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to July. Each flower head can contain up to twelve flowers. The bracts are fused in pairs. The hermaphrodite, five-fold, trumpet-shaped flowers are yellowish to white and often tinged with reddish.

After the elongated red tubes burst open, the creamy white stamens and stylus are released. There are only five stamens . The pollen is yellow in color.

From late summer, the slightly poisonous, coral-red, pea-sized, pea-sized berries appear when ripe .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

Young trees can be strangled and damaged by the creeper. Occasionally it happens that neat, coveted coiled hiking poles are created by constriction and overburden .

The numerous flowers give off a strong, fragrant, sweet smell in the evening hours from May to July to attract moths. On the following day, the flower that has just opened is already sagging again. The pollination is done by insects. The nectar-rich flowers are popular with moths , swarms of scabies and the like. a. visited.

The fruits hang for a long time and serve as non-toxic food for birds (digestive spread).

Occurrence

Lonicera caprifolium is originally found in Norway , Sweden , Poland , Spain , Italy , Austria , Hungary , the Czech Republic , in the former Yugoslavia , Romania and Albania . Also in the Near East has Lonicera caprifolium original deposits.

The garden honeysuckle is a neophyte in almost all other parts of Europe , in the Caucasus and in Asia Minor as well as in the South American Andes . The fragrant honeysuckle is a popular ornamental plant in parks and gardens. You can find the fragrant honeysuckle in Central Europe wild or overgrown in sparse forests, hedges or on heathland. It thrives best on chalky soils . The root area needs shady, cool and moist locations in order to be protected from drying out. The real honeysuckle flowers only in sufficiently bright (sunny or partially shaded) locations. It is a character species of the Berberidion association, but also occurs in plant communities of the order Quercetalia pubescentis.

Important ingredients

Saponins , cyanogenic glycosides , alkaloids ( xylostones , xylostosidine ), flavonoids , phenolic compounds .

use

Some varieties are used as undemanding ornamental plants . These can be propagated by cuttings from the head .

The root extract of the garden honeysuckle was previously used to color it blue.

In the medicine

The dried flowers have a perspiration and diuretic effect, but are no longer used nowadays, as incorrect dosing can cause slight symptoms of poisoning (e.g. vomiting ). A decoction made from the flowers was used in earlier Celtic and Chinese herbal medicine against liver problems and respiratory infections .

Linguistic origin, common names and popular names

The English name honeysuckle refers to the honey-sweet flower nectar. The name "Fragrant honeysuckle" refers to the intense scent of flowers, the name "Jelängerjelieber" refers to both the long, winding stems of the creeper, but more to the scent and the long flowering period: from June to October, when there is warmth and water Right.

For the garden honeysuckle there are or existed, in some cases only regionally, the other German-language trivial names : Bärentappe ( Alsace near Mülhausen ), Geisblatt, Geishalsle ( Switzerland ), Gilgenkonfort, The longer the better ( Aachen ), The longer the better ( Bremen , Henneberg), Nachtengalla ( Coburg ), Nachtsfaden ( Transylvania ), Specklelgen (Transylvania), woodruff and large winds.

Common English names are: Italian Honeysuckle , Perfoliate Honeysuckle .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 878 .
^ Lonicera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
^ E. von Raab-Straube (2017+): Caprifoliaceae. Datasheet Lonicera , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
^ ^A ^b Karl Hiller, Matthias F. Melzig: Lexicon of Medicinal Plants and Drugs , 2 volumes, approved special edition for area Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-89996-682-1 .
^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 77. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Garden honeysuckle ( Lonicera caprifolium ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Lonicera caprifolium L., Honeysuckle. In: FloraWeb.de.
Garden honeysuckle . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Lonicera caprifolium L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved March 30, 2016.
Thomas Meyer: Honeysuckle data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
Characteristics.
Giftpflanze.com - Lonicera caprifolium .
Gifte.de - Lonicera caprifolium .
More pictures of the garden honeysuckle.
Geißblatt , in: RDK Labor (2014), online platform for art historical object research

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 878 .

[GRIN-2] Lonicera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 19, 2018.

[Euro+Med-3] E. von Raab-Straube (2017+): Caprifoliaceae. Datasheet Lonicera , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[Arzneipflanzen-4] A ^b Karl Hiller, Matthias F. Melzig: Lexicon of Medicinal Plants and Drugs , 2 volumes, approved special edition for area Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-89996-682-1 .

[5] Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 77. ( online ).