Physena
| Physena | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Physenaceae | ||||||||||||
| Takht. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Physena | ||||||||||||
| Noronha ex Thouars |
Physena is the only genus of the family of Physenaceae in the order of the caryophyllales (Caryophyllales) within the flowering plant . The genus occurs only in Madagascar .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Physena species grow as shrubs and small trees. Secondary growth in thickness occurs through a normal cambium ring . Cork cambium is available. The xylem has tracheids.
The alternate and two rows of leaves on the branches are petiolate. The simple leaf blades are pinnate and flat with a smooth leaf margin. There is no hair on the leaves. The anomocytic stomata are mainly located on the underside of the leaf (abaxial). There are no stipules.
Generative characteristics
Physena species are dioecious separate sexes ( diocesan ). It forms lateral male and female racemose inflorescences . The five to nine sepals are petal-like. Petals are missing. The male flowers have a rudimentary gynoeceum . The mostly 10 to 14 (8 to 25) stamens are all fertile. The thin, short stamens are fused together at their base or are completely free. The anthers are long. The colpatian pollen grains have three apertures. The female flowers have no rudimentary stamens. The two carpels are a top permanent ovary grown. There are two campylotropic, bitegmic, crassinucellate ovules in each ovary chamber . The two more or less free long styluses each end in a scar . The pollination is effected by insects (anemophily).
The dry fruit contains only one large seed. The embryo is straight.
ingredients
There are triterpene glycosides and keto fatty acids . There are calcium oxalate crystals as drusen accumulate .
Systematics and distribution
The generic name Physena was given in 1806 by Francisco Noronha to Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars : Gen. Nov. Madagasc. , 6 first published. The Physenaceae family was first established in 1985 Armen Takhtajan in Botaničeskij Žurnal (Moscow & Leningrad), volume 70, p. 1692.
In the past, this genus was classified among the Capparaceae , Flacourtiaceae, Urticales (Cronquist 1988), Sapindales or Dilleniidae. The closest relatives within the order of the Caryophyllales are the Asteropeiaceae , they are also only native to Madagascar and have similar fruits, for example.
The family only contains the genus Physena Noronha ex Thouars with only two species that occur only in Madagascar:
- Physena madagascariensis Thouars ex Tul. : It occurs in the provinces of Antananarivo , Antsiranana , Fianarantsoa , Mahajanga , Toamasina , Toliara . It thrives in forests at altitudes between 0 and 2000 meters.
- Physena sessiliflora Tul. : It occurs in the provinces of Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Toliara. It thrives in bushes and forests at altitudes between 0 and 500 meters.
swell
- The family of Physenaceae in APWebsite. (Section systematics)
- The Physenaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJDallwitz. (Section description)
- Entry in the flora of Madagascar. (Section systematics)
- Sherwin Carlquist: Asteropeia and Physena (Caryophyllales): A case study in comparative wood anatomy , in Brittonia , 58 (4), 2006, pp. 301-313.
- WC Dickison & RB Miller: Morphology and anatomy of the Malagasy genus Physena (Physenaceae), with a discussion of the relationships of the genus , in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist Nat. Paris , Series 4, 15, Adansonia , 1993, pp. 85-106.
- CM Morton, KG Karol & Mark W. Chase: Taxonomic affinities of Physena (Physenaceae) and Asteropeia (Theaceae) , in Botanical Review , 63, 1997, pp. 231-239.