Pentaphylacaceae
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The Pentaphylacaceae are a family of plants from the order of the heather-like (Ericales) with about twelve genera and about 337 species.
description
The taxa of the Pentaphylacaceae family are shrubs or small trees . The alternate, often two lines arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leathery leaf blade is simple. The leaf margin is serrated, wavy or entire. Stipules are usually not present.
The flowers are usually found individually in the leaf axils or, rarely, in large numbers in terminal or lateral inflorescences . The unisexual or hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and mostly fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). If the flowers are unisexual then the species are dioecious separate sexes ( diocesan ) or androdioecan . The five sepals are free. The five free petals are usually greenish to yellowish, rarely orange-red , for example in Balthazaria . It is only a circle with five stamens or there are usually up to 30 free, fertile stamens . The stamens are short and the anthers are long. When tribes Frezierieae are three (one to ten) and five in the other tribe carpels are upper constant to a mostly syncarp ovary grown; there is a stylus with five scar lobes; some authors assume that it is five styluses.
Usually berries or drupes are formed, and occasionally woody capsule fruits with more or less winged seeds. The embryo is U-shaped.
Systematics and distribution
The Pentaphylacaceae family was set up in 1897 by Adolf Engler in The Natural Plant Families , 1, p. 214. For some authors, the family consists of a few genera up to just one species: Pentaphylax euryoides . New research has led to a relatively large expansion of the family. A synonym for Pentaphylacaceae Engl. Is Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC. Most of the newly added genera were previously classified in a subfamily Ternstroemioideae within the Theaceae .
The family owns a disjoint area . In the Paleotropic they occur from southern China to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra , as well as in Africa and the Canary Islands . There are still occurrences in the Neotropic .
The family of Pentaphylacaceae today contains about twelve genera with about 337 species. The family is divided into three tribes:
- Tribe Pentaphylaceae Mabberley : It contains only one monotypical genus:
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Pentaphylax Gardner & Champion : It contains only one type:
- Pentaphylax euryoides Gardner & Champion (Syn .: Pentaphylax arborea Ridley , Pentaphylax malayana Ridley , Pentaphylax racemosa Merrill & Chun , Pentaphylax spicata Merrill. ): It has a disjoint area from Guangdong and Hainan to Sumatra .
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Pentaphylax Gardner & Champion : It contains only one type:
- Tribe Ternstroemieae DC. : It contains only two genera with about 103 species:
- Anneslea Wall. (Syn .: Paranneslea Gagnep. ): The threeor sospecies are distributed in Cambodia , China , Indonesia , Laos , Malaysia , Myanmar , Thailand and Vietnam .
- Ternstroemia Mutis ex L. f. : Of the 90 to 100 species, about 60 are neotropical and the others are found in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia .
- Tribus Freziereae DC. : It contains eight to nine genera with about 233 species:
- Adinandra Jack : The approximately 85 species are distributed in Bangladesh , India, Sri Lanka , Cambodia, China, Indonesia, southern Japan , Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea , the Philippines , Thailand, Vietnam and in tropical Africa.
- Balthasaria Verdc. : The few species are common in East Africa.
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Cleyera Thunb. : Of the 24 or so species, around 16 are neotropical and the others are native to China (nine species), northern India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, and northern Vietnam. For example:
- Bulky shrub ( Cleyera japonica Thunb. )
- Eurya Thunb. : Including Ternstroemiopsis Urb. : The approximately 130 species are in Bhutan , Nepal , northeast India, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, China (approximately 83 species), Indonesia, Japan, Korea , Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, and the Pacific Islands spread.
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Euryodendron HungT.Chang : It contains only one species:
- Euryodendron excelsum HungT.Chang : It thrives in forests on mountain slopes or in valleys at altitudes between 100 and 400 meters only in Guangdong (Yangchun) and Guangxi (Bama, Pingnan).
- Freziera Willd. (including Killipiodendron Kobuski ): Of the approximately 57 species, approximately 42 are neotropical.
- Symplococarpon Airy Shaw : The nine or so species are neotropical.
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Visnea L. f. : It contains only one type:
- Visnea mocanera L. f. : It isnativeto Madeira and the Canary Islands ( Macaronesia ).
swell
- The Pentaphylacaceae family on the AP website. (Section systematics and description)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Tianlu Min & Bruce Bartholomew: Pentaphylacaceae s. str., p. 365 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press , Beijing and St. Louis 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1
- ↑ a b Description of the Pentaphylacaceae family s. st. at DELTA. (with only one kind)
- ↑ Tianlu Min & Bruce Bartholomew: Ternstroemioideae , p. 365 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1
- ↑ Pentaphylacaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Web links
- Jon LR Every: Neotropical Pentaphylacaceae : in Neotropikey .