Carlemanniaceae
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| Airy Shaw |
The Carlemanniaceae are a family of plants in the order of the mint-like (Lamiales). The only two genera with around five species are native to tropical Asia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Carlemannia TYPES grow as a perennial herbaceous plants , and the Silvianthus TYPES grow as subshrubs or shrubs . The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is clearly asymmetrical in some species. The leaf margins are serrated or serrated. Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are in terminal or lateral, zymose or umbrella-clustered inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are weak (to strong) zygomorphic and four or five-fold with a double flower envelope . The four or five sepals are fused with each other and with the ovary; the four or five calyx teeth are more or less different. The four or five petals are fused together, and the four or five corolla lobes sometimes overlap like a roof tile. The only two fertile stamens are inserted in the middle of the corolla tube and consist of short stamens and linear-elongated anthers. The pollen grains have five to six apertures and colporat (colporoidate with short furrows). The well-developed disc is conical or cylindrical. Two carpels have become an under-earth, two-chambered ovary fused with a stylus . Sometimes there is heterostyly . Each ovary chamber contains many (30 to 100) ovules in central angled to basal placentation .
The two-chambered, dry or fleshy capsule fruits surrounded by the durable calyx open with two or five flaps and contain 30 to 100 seeds. The smooth, egg-shaped seeds contain a more or less fleshy endosperm .
The basic chromosome numbers are n = 15, 19.
Systematics and distribution
The Carlemanniaceae family was established in 1965 by Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw in Kew Bulletin , Volume 19, p. 511. The type genus is Carlemannia Bentham .
These two genera were previously classified in the Rubiaceae and Caprifoliaceae families . According to molecular genetic studies, it was found that they are close to the Oleaceae family and belong to the Lamiales order .
The Carlemanniaceae family includes only two genera and about five species:
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Carlemannia Bentham : The flowers are four-fold. The only three species are found in the eastern Himalayas , People's Republic of China , northeast India , Indonesia ( Sumatra ), Myanmar and Vietnam :
- Carlemannia congesta Hook. f. : It occurs in the Himalayas , a location is Sikkim : Khangchendzonga National Park (Biosphere Reserve).
- Carlemannia griffithii Benth. : It isnative tothe eastern Himalayas from Nepal to Bhutan and northern Burma .
- Carlemannia tetragona Hook. f. (Syn .: Carlemannia henryi H.Lév. , Carlemannia sumatrana Ridl. ): It occurs in northeast India , Sumatra , Myanmar , northern Thailand and the Chinese provinces of Xizang and Yunnan .
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Silvianthus Hook. f. (Syn .: Quiducia Gagnep. ): The flowers are rarely four, mostly five. The only two species are common in China, northeast India, Laos , Myanmar, Thailand and northern Vietnam:
- Silvianthus bracteatus Hook. f. : It occurs in forests in Yunnan, northeastern India and Myanmar.
- Silvianthus tonkinensis (. Gagnep) Ridsdale (Syn .: Quiducia tonkinensis . Gagnep , Silvianthus bracteatus . Subsp clerodendroides (Airy Shaw) HWLi , Silvianthus bracteatus subsp. Tonkinensis (Gagnep) HWLi. , Silvianthus clerodendroides Airy Shaw ): It comes in Yunnan, Laos , northern Thailand and northern Vietnam .
swell
- The Carlemanniaceae family on the AP website . (Sections systematics and description)
- The Carlemanniaceae family at DELTA . (Section description)
- Tao Chen & Anthony R. Brach: Carlemanniaceae , p. 478 online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
Individual evidence
- ^ Carlemanniaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Carlemanniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c d e Tao Chen & Anthony R. Brach: Carlemanniaceae , p. 478 online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 .
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