Dichapetalaceae
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The Dichapetalaceae are a family of plants in the order of the Malpighia-like (Malpighiales). It comprises three genera with around 240 species , which are distributed almost pantropically.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The types of dichapetalaceae family are woody plants: trees , shrubs , half-shrubs or vines .
The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is herbaceous or leathery, with entire margins and pinnate . The stomata are paracytic. The stipules are usually obsolete.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are in scheintraubig - zymösen approximately little head shaped or faszikelartigen inflorescences together. The inflorescences are axillary on very short inflorescence shafts or often with the petiole , rarely even fused with the central rib of the leaf.
The very small flowers are mostly hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, radial symmetry to slightly zygomorph and rarely four, mostly fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). If the flowers are unisexual then the species are monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). The four or mostly five sepals are fused together at their base. The four or mostly five petals are only fused at their base and each more or less deeply divided into two and can be nailed. There is a discus. There is only one circle with four or mostly five stamens . Most of the stamens are fertile; rarely are two of the five stamens converted to staminodes . Sometimes no stamens are visible. The pollen grains have three apertures and are colporat. The two to four carpels are one above to below permanent, usually two or three, rarely vierkammerigen ovary grown. In each ovary chamber there are two hanging ones. epitropic, anatropic ovules in apical placentation. Usually there is only one stylus, rarely two to four styluses are available.
A lonely stone fruit is formed. The stone fruit is often thickly covered with short, erect hairs that give it a shiny, almost golden appearance. The well-developed embryo is straight.
The basic chromosome numbers are n = 10 or 12.
distribution
The Dichapetalaceae are, with the exception of Micronesia and Polynesia , common in the lowlands of all tropical regions in the northern and southern hemisphere; in Africa and India they also radiate into subtropical areas.
Systematics
The Dichapetalaceae were set up in 1886 by Henri Ernest Baillon under the name "Dichapetaleae" in Flora Brasiliensis , 12 (1), p. 365. The eponymous type genus Dichapetalum is already described in 1806 by Louis Marie Aubert Du Petit-Thouars . Synonyms for Dichapetalaceae Baill. are: Chailletiaceae R.Br. , Hirtellaceae Horan .
The family Dichapetalaceae contains only three genera and about 200 to 240 species:
- Dichapetalum Thouars (Syn .: Chailletia DC. , Icacinopsis Roberty , Leucosia Thouars ): With about 170 species. They are often by fluorine acetic acid compounds ( sodium fluoroacetate very toxic).
- Stephanopodium Poepp. : With about 14 species in tropical South America.
- Tapura Aubl. (Syn .: Gonypetalum Ule ): With about 30 species in tropical America and in tropical Africa.
swell
- The family of dichapetalaceae in APWebsite. (Section systematics and description)
- The Dichapetalaceae family at DELTA. (Section description)
- Ghillean T. Prance: Dichapetalaceae , in: Flora de Colombia , Vol. 20, 2001, ISSN 0120-4351
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dichapetalaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ A b David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses . 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
