Clusiaceae

Clusiaceae
Flower of Clusia fluminensis
Systematics
Eudicotyledons Nuclear eudicotyledons Rosids Eurosiden I Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales) Family : Clusiaceae
Scientific name
Clusiaceae
Lindl.

The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae are a family of plants within the order of the Malpighia-like (Malpighiales). The species of the family have their home worldwide from the temperate zones to the tropics.

description

Illustration of Allanblackia stuhlmannii

Most of the species of Clusiaceae are woody plants: they grow in the form of trees , shrubs , lianas ; some types are epiphytes . Some types contain colored milky sap . Essential oils contain many types. The opposite or lively arranged leaves are simple, entire and often thick. Stipules are missing.

The flowers are rarely single, mostly in differently structured inflorescences . The rarely three-, mostly four- or five-fold flowers are hermaphroditic or unisexual. Many species are dioecious separately sexed ( diocesan ). The sepals and petals are free. The flowers rarely contain only three to four, usually 20 to 100 stamens , they can be overgrown or free. Rarely is just one carpel available, usually three or five (rarely up to 13 or even more) are Fruchtblätter a top permanent ovary grown.

Usually berries , rarely stone fruits or capsule fruits are formed. There is a very large hypocotyl , but the cotyledons are only small or almost invisible. In the species from the New World, the seeds often have an aril .

Systematics

Tribus Clusieae: Clusia fluminensis

Tribe Garcinieae: fruit of the mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana )

Tribus Symphonieae: Symphonia globulifera

The Clusiaceae family was established by John Lindley in An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany , 74 in 1836 . An equally valid alternative name is Guttiferae Juss. Synonyms for Clusiaceae Lindl. are: Cambogiaceae Horan. , Garciniaceae Bartl. , Moronobeaceae Miers nom. nud.

The inclusion of the genera of the family Hypericaceae and Calophyllaceae could not be confirmed. The family of the Clusiaceae s. st. is divided into five tribes and today contains 14 genera with around 600 species:

• Tribus Clusieae:
  • Chrysochlamys Poepp. (Syn .: Balboa Planch. & Triana , Tovomitopsis Planch. & Triana ): The approximately 55 species are common in the Neotropic .
  • Clusia L. (Syn .: Androstylium Miq. , Cochlanthera Choisy , Decaphalangium Melch. , Havetia Kunth , Havetiopsis Planch. & Triana , Oedematopus Planch. & Triana , Oxystemon Planch. & Triana , Pilosperma Planch. & Triana , Quapoya Aubl. , Renggeria Meisn. , Rengifa Poepp. & Endl. ): It contains around 200 to 400 species.
    • Balsam apple ( Clusia rosea Jacq. )
  • Tovomita Aubl. (Syn .: Marialvaea Mart. ): The approximately 60 species are common in the Neotropic .
  • Tovomitidium Ducke : The only two species are common in Brazil.
• Tribe Garcinieae: It contains about two genera
  • Garcinia L. (Syn .: Brindonia Thouars , Cambogia L. , Clusianthemum Vieill. , Mangostana Gaertn. , Oxycarpus Lour. , Pentaphalangium Warb. , Rheedia L. , Septogarcinia Kosterm. , Tripetalum K.Schum. , Tsimatimia Jum. & H. Perrier , Verticillaria Ruiz & Pav. , Xanthochymus Roxb. ): It contains about 240 species, including:
    • Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L. )
  • Allanblackia olive. ex Benth. & Hook. f. (Syn .: Stearodendron Engl. ): The 10 or so species are common in tropical Africa.
    • Allanblackia floribunda olive.
• Tribus Moronobeeae: With a genus:
  • Moronobea Aubl. : The four or so species are common in tropical South America.
• Tribus Platonieae: It contains only one genus:
  • Platonia Mart. (Syn .: Aristoclesia Coville ): It contains only one species:
    • Platonia insignis Mart. : It occurs in Guyana and Brazil.
• Tribus Symphonieae: With six genera:
  • Montrouziera Pancher ex Planch. & Triana : The five or so species only occur in New Caledonia .
  • Symphonia L. f. (Syn .: Aneuriscus C.Presl , Chrysopia Thouars )
  • Dystovomita (Engl.) D'Arcy : The three or so species are common in the Neotropic.
  • Lorostemon Ducke : The five or so species are common in Brazil.
  • Pentadesma Sabine : The five or so species are common in tropical Africa.
  • Thysanostemon Maguire : The only two species occur in Guiana .

swell

• The Clusiaceae family on the AP website. (Section systematics)
• Kenneth J. Wurdack, Charles C. Davis: Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 96, No. 8, 2009, pp. 1551-1570, DOI: 10.3732 / ajb.0800207 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ John McNeill, FR Barrie, WR Buck, V. Demoulin, Werner Greuter, DL Hawksworth, PS Herendeen, Sandra Knapp, Karol Marhold, J. Prado, WF Prud'homme Van Reine, Gideon F. Smith, JH Wiersema, Nicholas J Turland: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) (= Regnum Vegetabile. 154). ARG Gantner, Ruggell 2012, ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6 , Art. 18 online.
2. ^ ^{A b} Clusiaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
3. ↑ Mark W. Chase, James L. Reveal: A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 122–127, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x ( PDF file ( memento of the original from March 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ). 
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u. a. 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 , limited preview in Google Book Search.

Web links

Commons : Clusiaceae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• The family at DELTA, but still contains Hypericaceae in 2010. (engl.)