Garcinia
| Garcinia | ||||||||||||
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Garcinia morella , |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Garcinia | ||||||||||||
| L. |
Garcinia is a plant genus within the family of Clusiaceae . The 200 to 450 species are distributed in the tropics almost worldwide.
The mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana ), also called the mangosteen or mangosteen tree, is often grown for its tasty, apple-sized fruits. Some species, Garcinia hanburyi and Garcinia morella , supply a as gum gutti known gum and Garcinia indica the kokum .
description
Types of Garcinia are shrubs or trees . They usually contain a yellow milky juice . Buds have no scales. The stalked leaves , arranged opposite or lively on the branches, are simple. Rarely are Stipules present.
The inflorescences are structured differently. The plants are mostly functionally dioecious, separate sexes ( diocesan ). In addition to unisexual flowers, there are sometimes also hermaphrodite. The flowers are usually four or five-fold and have a double perianth . The sepals are mostly free. The free or overgrown stamens or staminodes are in bundles. The ovary is on top. There are berries formed from one to eight large seeds. The seeds often have an aril .
distribution
Garcinia species have areas in tropical and southern Africa , Madagascar , tropical Asia , the Malay Archipelago , northeastern Australia , western Polynesia and the Neotropic .
Systematics
The genus Garcinia was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 443. The type species is Garcinia mangostana L. The generic name Garcinia honors the French botanist Laurent Garcin (1683–1752).
There are a number of synonyms for Garcinia L .: Brindonia Thouars , Cambogia L. , Discostigma Hasskarl , Hebradendron Graham , Mangostana Gaertner , Oxycarpus Loureiro , Rhinostigma Miquel , Rheedia L. , Tsimatimia Jum. & H.Perrier , Xanthochymus Roxburgh .
species
There are 200 to 450 types of Garcinia :
Asian species (selection):
- Garcinia bracteata C.Y.Wu ex YHLi
- Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC.
- Garcinia erythrosperma Lauterb.
- Garcinia esculenta Y.H.Li
- Garcinia hombroniana Pierre
- Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy
- Garcinia kwangsiensis Merr. ex FNWei
- Garcinia lancilimba C.Y.Wu ex YHLi
- Garcinia linii C.E.Chang
- Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L. )
- Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr.
- Garcinia multiflora Champ. ex Benth.
- Garcinia nujiangensis C.Y.Wu & YHLi
- Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.
- Garcinia oligantha Merr.
- Garcinia paucinervis Chun & FCHow
- Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.
- Garcinia subelliptica Merrill
- Garcinia subfalcata Y.H.Li & FNWei
- Garcinia tetralata C.Y.Wu ex YHLi
- Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anders.
- Garcinia xishuanbannaensis Y.H.Li
- Garcinia yunnanensis Hu
Species from the Indonesian archipelago (selection):
- Garcinia burkillii Whitmore
- Garcinia cantleyana Whitmore
- Garcinia clusiifolia Ridl.
- Garcinia costata Hemsl. ex King
- Garcinia diversifolia King
- Garcinia eugenifolia Wall.
- Garcinia hendersoniana Whitmore
- Garcinia holttumii Ridl.
- Garcinia maingayi Hook.f.
- Garcinia minutiflora Ridl.
- Garcinia monantha Ridl.
- Garcinia montana Ridl.
- Garcinia murtonii Whitmore
- Garcinia opaca King
- Garcinia paucinervis Chun & FCHow
- Garcinia scortechinii King
- Garcinia uniflora King
African species (selection):
- Garcinia afzelii Engl.
- Garcinia barteri olive.
- Garcinia brevipedicellata Hutch. & Dalziel
- Garcinia buchananii Baker
- Garcinia chromocarpa Engl.
- Garcinia conrauana Engl.
- Garcinia epunctata Stapf
- Garcinia gnetoides Hutch. & Dalziel
- Garcinia kingaensis Engl.
- Garcinia kola Heckel
- Garcinia letestui Pellegr.
- Garcinia livingstonei T.Anderson
- Garcinia Lucida Vesque
- Garcinia mannii olive.
- Garcinia nobilis Engl.
- Garcinia ovalifolia Hook.f.
- Garcinia polyantha olive.
- Garcinia preussii Engl.
- Garcinia punctata olive.
- Garcinia staudtii Engl.
Neotropical species (selection):
- Garcinia macrophylla Mart.
- Garcinia madruno (Kunth) mutton
photos
Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana ):
swell
- Xi-wen Li, Jie Li & Peter Stevens: Garcinia , p. 40 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 13 - Clusiaceae through Araliaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 (section description)
Web links
- Description in the Flora of Zimbabwe . (engl.)
- Description of neotropical species. (engl.)
- The genus in Cameroon. (English + French; PDF file; 64 kB)
- Profile of Garcinia livingstonei at plantzafrica.
- Garcinia on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- Garcinia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis