Montiniaceae

Montiniaceae
Male inflorescence of Grevea madagascariensis
Systematics
Eudicotyledons Nuclear eudicotyledons Asterids Euasterids I Order : Nightshade (Solanales) Family : Montiniaceae
Scientific name
Montiniaceae
Nakai

The Montiniaceae are a family of plants from the order of the nightshade-like (Solanales). It has about five species in two or three genera . There are only about five species found in Africa and Madagascar.

description

Male flower of Grevea madagascariensis

Montinia caryophyllacea

Vegetative characteristics

All species of the Montiniaceae are woody and grow as shrubs , small trees and lianas with heights of up to 5 meters. If you rub parts of plants between your fingers, a peppery smell is often noticeable. The plants often contain crystal sand and needle-shaped crystals (raphids). There are tufts of hair at the knots .

The alternate or occasionally opposite leaves are simple and have entire margins. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The species of the Montiniaceae are dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ). The female flowers are solitary and terminal; the male flowers are in terminal or axillary inflorescences .

The small, unisexual flowers are radial symmetry . The petals are free. The male flowers are three to four, rarely five-fold. They only contain a circle with three to five-free fertile stamens with fixed at the base of anthers which point outwards. The pollen grains are relatively large. The reduced ovary in the male flowers is tiny. The female flowers are four to five-fold. Two carpels have grown together to form a subordinate ovary. The stylus is short, strong and hollow, the scars are strong zweigelappt.

The capsule fruits do not open. The seeds are winged.

Chromosome sets and ingredients

The chromosome numbers of Grevea eggelingii are known with 2n = 24 and for the genus Montiana with about 2n = 34.

In the genus Montiana , iridoids have also been identified as secondary plant substances .

distribution

Representatives of the Montiniaceae family can only be found in Africa and Madagascar . The genus Grevea has the greatest area distribution, Montinia only occurs in South Africa, Kaliphora only in Madagascar.

Systematics

Taxonomy

The Montiniaceae family was established in 1943 by Takenoshin Nakai in Chosakuronbun Mokuroku , page 243. The type genus is Montinia Thunb. A synonym for Montiniaceae Nakai is Kaliphoraceae Takht.

External system

The Montiniaceae family belongs to the Solanales order .

	Solanaceae     Convolvulaceae     Montiniaceae     Sphenocleaceae     Hydroleaceae

Cladogram according to Cosner et al. 1994.

Internal system

Initially, only the genera Grevea and Montinia were counted in the Montiniaceae family, but molecular biological studies showed that the Kaliphora genus , which previously formed the monotypical Kaliphoraceae family, can also be classified in the Montiniaceae. The family includes two to three genera with about five species:

• Grevea Baill. : There are about three types:
  • Grevea bosseri Letouzey : It occurs in the Republic of the Congo and in Liberia.
  • Grevea eggelingii Milne-Redh. : The three varieties occur in East Africa.
  • Grevea madagascariensis Baill. : The two subspecies occur from northern to western Madagascar.
• Kaliphora Hook. f. : There is only one type:
  • Kaliphora madagascariensis Hook. f. : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa and Mahajanga.
• Montinia Thunb. : There is only one type:
  • Montinia caryophyllacea Thunb. : It occurs in southern Angola, Namibia and South Africa.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Description of the family at DELTA. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
2. ^ Entry Montiniaceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website = APWeb. , Retrieved May 10, 2007.
3. ↑ Louis P. Ronse Decraene, H. Peter Lindner, Erik F. Smets: The questionable relationship of Montinia (Montiniaceae): evidence from a floral ontogenetic and anatomical study. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 87, No. 10, 2000, ISSN  0002-9122 , pp. 1408-1424 .
4. ↑ ^{a b} George E. Schatz: Generic Tree Flora of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens et al., Kew 2001, ISBN 1-900347-82-2 .
5. ^ Peter Goldberg: Miscellaneous Chromosome Counts in Angiosperms, II. Including New Family and Generic Records. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 66, 1979, ISSN  0026-6493 , pp. 856-861 .
6. ^ Montiniaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on November 28, 2018.
7. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181, Issue 1, 2016, pp. 1-20. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12385
8. ^ Mary E. Cosner, Robert K. Jansen, Thomas G. Lammers: Phylogenetic relationships in the Campanulales based on rbcL sequences. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Volume 190, No. 1/2, 1994, pp. 79-94, doi : 10.1007 / BF00937860 .
9. ↑ ^{a b} Montiniaceae at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
10. ^ Montinia on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 28, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Montiniaceae  - collection of images, videos, and audio files