Rhabdodendron
| Rhabdodendron | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Rhabdodendraceae | ||||||||||||
| Prance | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Rhabdodendron | ||||||||||||
| Gilg & Pilg. |
Rhabdodendron is the only genus of the family of Rhabdodendraceae in the order of caryophyllales (Caryophyllales) within the flowering plant . The areas of the roughly three rhabdodendron species are only in South America : in northern Brazil , French Guiana , Suriname and Guyana .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Rhabdodendron species are evergreen , small trees or large shrubs . The sieve tube plastids are of the P-type. There are short-stalked, fringed, shield-shaped hairs ( trichomes ).
The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are very large and wide pedicle. The simple and leathery leaf blade has a smooth, bent-back leaf edge and an indistinctly dotted leaf surface. Stipules are absent or fall off early.
Inflorescences and flowers
On the side, branched total inflorescences are formed from zymous or racemose partial inflorescences. Bracts and bracts are small or reduced to scales.
The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are five-fold with double perianth . The flower cup (hypanthium) is short, wide and somewhat concave. The five short sepals are more or less united. The five petals are sepal-like, relatively thick and usually fall off early. In more or less three circles there are 25 to 50 free, fertile stamens with short, flat stamens and long anthers ; the stamens are still preserved when the dust bags fall off. The three-cell pollen grains usually have three, rarely four apertures and are colporat. There is only a spherical, upper carpel with mostly only one basal, campylotropic, unitegmic ovule . The long, rather thick stylus extending from the base of one side of the carpel ends in a greatly elongated stigma.
Fruits and seeds
The stone fruit is surrounded by the calyx and a swollen upper part of the fruit stalk and contains a seed. The seed is kidney to spherical. The well-developed, green embryo is curved with two large, thick, fleshy cotyledons ( cotyledons ).
Ingredients and sets of chromosomes
They contain ellagic acid . The sieve tube plastids contain crystalloid proteins and starch. Lysigenic secretion containers contain resins. Cells contain silicate bodies.
The chromosome sets are n = 10.
Systematics
The first description was in 1853 as Lecostomon by Richard Spruce in George Bentham : Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany , Volume 5, p. 296. The generic name Rhabdodendron was in 1905 by Ernest Friedrich Gilg and Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger in negotiations of the Botanical Association for the Province of Brandenburg and the neighboring countries , Volume 47, p. 152 published. In the past, the genus Rhabdodendron was classified among the Rosales or Rutales (Takhtajan 1997) in the families Chrysobalanaceae, Phytolaccaceae or Rutaceae. There was a tribe Rhabdodendron Huber in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , 5, 1909, 425 or a subfamily Rhabdodendroideae Engl. In Engler & Prantl: The natural plant families ... , 2nd edition, Volume 19 a, 1931, p. 213 -357 set up. The family of the Rhabdodendraceae was set up in 1968 by Ghillean Tolmie Prance in Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État à Bruxelles , 38, pp. 141-142. The position of the Rhabdodendraceae within the cladogram of the order of the Caryophyllales is still being discussed.
The family Rhabdodendraceae contains only one genus Rhabdodendron with three (two to four) species:
- Rhabdodendron amazonicum Spruce ex Benth. Huber (Syn .: Lecostemon amazonicum Spruce ex Benth. ): This small tree reaches a maximum height of 15 meters and is often found in the tropical rainforest of the "Terra Firme" of the Amazon basin from the Manaus region eastwards to the Para-Maranhao border and northwards to the three Guyana states.
- Rhabdodendron crassipes (Spruce ex Benth.) Huber (Syn .: Lecostemon crassipes Spruce ex Benth. )
- Rhabdodendron macrophyllum (Spruce ex Benth.) Huber (Syn .: Lecostemon macrophyllum Spruce ex Benth. ): This up to 3 meters Height reached shrub is often only in the white sandy areas in the vicinity of Manaus and east of the river Trombetas .
swell
- The family of Rhabdodendraceae in APWebsite. (Sections systematics and description)
- The Rhabdodendraceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (Sections systematics and description)
- Ghillean T. Prance: Flora da Reserva Ducke: Amazonas, Brasil: Rhabdodendraceae in Rodriguésia , 56 (86), 2005, 183-185: PDF-Online. (Sections systematics and description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rhabdodendraceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.