Hanguana

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Hanguana
Hanguana malayana

Hanguana malayana

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Commelina-like (Commelinales)
Family : Hanguanaceae
Genre : Hanguana
Scientific name of the  family
Hanguanaceae
Airy Shaw
Scientific name of the  genus
Hanguana
flower

The Hanguana are the only genus of the Hanguanaceae family in the order of the Commelina-like (Commelinales) within the monocot plants .

description

Habit and leaves

The Hanguana species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . They have a grass-like appearance and rhizomes as storage organs . There are mucus ducts.

The alternate leaves are usually arranged directly above the ground, that is, basal, rosette-like or two rows or spirals on the stem . The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade has a midrib, many parallel lateral nerves and prominent, interlinking lateral nerves of the 2nd order. The leaf margin is smooth.

Inflorescences and flowers

They are dioecious separate sexes ( monoecious ). The small, sessile flowers are formed in branched, panicle inflorescences .

The sessile flowers are unisexual, threefold and radially symmetrical . There are two bract circles per flower and the six bracts are designed differently or the same; they are fused like a tube. In the male flowers there are two circles with three free, fertile stamens each . The widened stamens are only slightly fused at their base. The pollen grains have no aperture. In the female flowers are six nektarsekretierende Staminodien available and three carpels are a top permanent ovary grown with only one ovule per ovary chamber. A stylus is not recognizable. The broad scar is three-lobed.

Fruits and seeds

There are drupes formed with a (up to three) seeds. The seeds are bowl-shaped. The embryo is small.

Ingredients and chromosome numbers

Proanthocyanidins are important ingredients : cyanidin and delphinidin . There are silicates stored. Ferulic acid is present in the cell walls . The basic chromosome numbers are roughly n = 24, 36, 45.

Distribution map

Systematics and distribution

One species ( Hanguana anthelminthica ) is distributed from Sri Lanka across Southeast Asia to Palau and as far as northern Australia . About 15 species occur only on the Malay Peninsula or Borneo . One species ( Hanguana kassintu ) occurs only in Java .

The genus Hanguana was first published in 1827 by Carl Ludwig Blume in Enumeratio Plantarum Javae et insularum adjacentium minus cognitarum ... p. 15. Synonyms for Hanguana Blume are: Veratronia Miq. , Susum flower .

The first publication of the surname Hanguanaceae was in December 1965 by Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw in Kew Bulletin , 18, 260. Previously, this genus was placed in the families of the Flagellariaceae or Asteliaceae and it was assumed that it was close to the Zingiberales . Molecular genetic studies showed that Hanguanaceae is a sister group of the Commelinaceae within the order of the Commelinales (Chase et al. 2005).

In the genus Hanguana flower there are only one to six and since 2017 about 19 species:

  • Hanguana anthelminthica (Flower ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Masam. : It occurs from Sri Lanka to the Caroline island of Palau .
  • Hanguana bakoensis Siti Nurfazilah, Sofiman Othman & PCBoyce : It wasfirst describedin 2011 from Sarawak .
  • Hanguana bogneri Tillich & E.Sill : It only occurs in Sarawak.
  • Hanguana corneri Škornick. & PCBoyce : The species first described in 2015 occurs in Malaysia.
  • Hanguana exultans Siti Nurfazilah, Mohd Fahmi, Sofiman Othman & PCBoyce : It wasfirst describedfrom the Malay Peninsula in 2010.
  • Hanguana fraseriana Skornick. & Kiev : The species first described in 2016 occurs on the Malay Peninsula.
  • Hanguana kassintu flower : It only occurs in Java .
  • Hanguana loi Mohd Fahmi, Sofiman Othman & PCBoyce : It was first described in Sarawak in 2012.
  • Hanguana major Airy Shaw : It occurs on Borneo in Sabah and in northeastern Sarawak.
  • Hanguana malayana (Jack) Merrill : It occurs in Malaysia.
  • Hanguana neglecta Škornick. & Niissalo : The species first described in 2014 occurs on the Malay Peninsula.
  • Hanguana nitens Siti Nurfazilah, Mohd Fahmi, Sofiman Othman & PCBoyce : It was first described by the Malay Peninsula in 2010.
  • Hanguana pantiensis Siti Nurfazilah, Mohd Fahmi, Sofiman Othman & PCBoyce : It was first described from the Malay Peninsula in 2010.
  • Hanguana podzolica Siti Nurfazilah, Mohd Fahmi, Sofiman Othman & PCBoyce : It was first described from the Malay Peninsula in 2010.
  • Hanguana rubinea Škornick. & PCBoyce : The species first described in 2015 occurs in Singapore .
  • Hanguana stenopoda Siti Nurfazilah, Mohd Fahmi, Sofiman Othman & PCBoyce : It was first described by the Malay Peninsula in 2010.
  • Hanguana thailandica Wijedasa & Niissalo : The species first described in 2016 occurs in Thailand.
  • Hanguana triangulata Škornick. & PCBoyce : It was first described by Singapore in 2015.

swell

  • The family of Hanguanaceae in APWebsite. (engl.)
  • L. Watson, MJ Dallwitz: The families of flowering plants. Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw. at DELTA
  • Hsuan Keng, See Chung Chin, Ro-Siu Ling Keng Keng, HTW Tan: The Concise Flora of Singapore: Monocotyledons. NUS Press, 1998, ISBN 9971-69-207-4 . Google Book , Hanguana on p. 25, with an illustration of Hanguana malayana .
  • MD Dassanayake: Hanguanaceae. In: MD Dassanayake, WD Clayton (Ed.): A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Volume XIV, Rotterdam 2000, ISBN 90-5410-791-X , p. 214.
  • Elisabeth Sill: Systematic anatomy of the vegetation organs of the Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1965) (Monocotyledoneae) . Thesis . LMU, 1997.
  • Hans-Jürgen Tillich, Elisabeth Sill: Morphological and anatomical studies on Hanguana flower (Hanguanaceae) and Flagellaria L. (Flagellariaceae), with the description of a new species, Hanguana bogneri spec. nov. In: Sendtnera. Volume 6, 1999, pp. 215-238.
  • AR Siti Nurfazilah, O. Ahmed Sofiman, AB Mohd Fahmi, PC Boyce: Studies on Hanguana (Commelinales, Hanguanaceae) for Sunda II: Five new forest species from Peninsular Malaysia and recircumscription of Hanguana malayana. In: Willdenowia. Volume 40, 2010, pp. 205-219. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.40.40206

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hanguana. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 7, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Hanguanaceae  - collection of images, videos, and audio files