Casuarina family
| Casuarina family | ||||||||||||
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Horsetail-leaved casuarines ( Casuarina equisetifolia ), branches with inflorescences. |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Casuarinaceae | ||||||||||||
| R.Br. |
Casuarina plants (Casuarinaceae) are a family of plants from the order of the beech-like (Fagales). This family includes four genera with a total of about 90 to 95 species. Previously, all species belonging to this family had been assigned to the genus Casuarina ( Casuarina ).
The plant species of this family are common in the tropics of the Old World from the Malay Archipelago to India , Australia, and Pacific islands. Many of the species do not have an established German name and are uniformly referred to as kangaroo trees, casuarinas or club trees.
description
All species are evergreen trees or shrubs . They look very similar to some conifers, but are flowering plants . Many species have rod-like small branches that act as leaves. The real leaves, on the other hand, are reduced to small triangular scales. The scale-shaped leaves are four to 16 in whorls . There are no stipules.
The plant species are single- sexed ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ). The inflorescences often look like small cones . The unisexual flowers are greatly reduced. Bracts are missing. The male flowers consist of only one stamen . In the female flowers are two carpels to a top permanent ovary grown; the style ends in two scars. Pollination takes place by the wind ( anemophilia ).
There are walnut fruits formed, they are usually winged (Samara).
ecology
The roots have a symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing (N-fixing) Frankia .
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Systematics
Since LAS Johnson divided the genus Casuarina in 1980 , there have been four genera in the family with around 95 species:
- Allocasuarina L.ASJohnson : The approximately 61 species are common in Australia.
- Ceuthostoma L.ASJohnson : Of the only two species, one occurs in the Philippines and the other in northern Borneo and western New Guinea .
- Gymnostoma L.ASJohnson (Syn .: Quadrangula Baum.-Bod. ): The approximately 14 species are distributed from Malesia to islands in the southwestern Pacific.
- Casuarina ( Casuarina L. ): The 14 species are distributed in Australia and on the islands to the north of it.
swell
- The family of Casuarinaceae in APWebsite. (Sections Description and Systematics)
- The Casuarinaceae family at DELTA. (Section description)
- The Casuarinaceae family in the Western Australian flora . (Section description)
- Karen L. Wilson, LAS Johnson: Casuarinaceae in Flora of Australia Online .
- Nianhe Xia, Lawrence AS Johnson, Karen L. Wilson: Casuarinaceae. : - same text online as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999. ISBN 0-915279-70-3 (Sections Description and Systematics)
- Karen L. Wilson: Casuarinaceae. : - same text online as printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 3: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6 (section description)
Individual evidence
- Jump up ↑ LAS Johnson: Notes on Casuarinaceae , In: Telopea , Volume 2 (1), 1980, pp. 83-84
- ↑ Casuarinaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Casuarinaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 13, 2015.
