Annatto plants
| Annatto plants | ||||||||||||
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Annatto shrub ( Bixa orellana ), illustration |
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| Bixaceae | ||||||||||||
| Kunth |
The Annatto plants (Bixaceae), also called Orleans plants, are a family of plants in the order of the Mallow-like (Malvales). This family contains four genera with pantropical distribution. The best known species is the annatto shrub ( Bixa orellana ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
They are mostly woody plants, only the Amoreuxia species are herbaceous plants . They contain a yellow or red milky juice. The alternate, spirally arranged, simple leaves are long stalked and have a smooth or toothed leaf edge. Stipules are present.
Generative characteristics
The relatively large flowers are five-fold and radial symmetry to more or less zygomorph . The five free petals are mostly yellow. There are usually many (50 to 150) free, fertile stamens present. Two to five carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The stylus ends in a scar.
They form capsule fruits . The seeds contain starch.
Systematics
The Bixaceae family was established by Karl Sigismund Kunth in Malvaceae, Buttneriaceae, Tiliaceae , 17.
The family Bixaceae Kunth nom. cons. According to APG III and APG IV, it also contains the two genera of the former family of the Cochlospermaceae Planch, corresponding to molecular phylogenetic dendrograms . nom. cons. and the only species of the former Diegodendraceae family Capuron .
The family Bixaceae contains four genera with about 21 species:
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Amoreuxia Moc. & Sessé ex DC. : It contains four species in the Neotropic:
- Amoreuxia gonzalezii Sprague & L.Riley : It occurs from southern Arizona to western Mexico .
- Amoreuxia malvifolia A.Gray : It occurs in the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Durango.
- Amoreuxia palmatifida Moc. & Sessé ex DC. : It occurs from southern Arizona and New Mexico through Mexico and Guatemala to Colombia .
- Amoreuxia wrightii A.Gray : It occurs from southwest Texas to Mexico, in Curaçao and Peru and is threatened with extinction in some areas.
- Bixa L .: It contains about five species in the Neotropic .
- Snail seed trees ( Cochlospermum Kunth ): The approximately 15 species have a pantropical distribution.
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Diegodendron Capuron : It contains only one species:
- Diegodendron humbertii Capuron : This endemic occurs only in northern Madagascar only in the province of Antsiranana .
swell
- Description of the Bixaceae family with four genera on the AP website. (Sections Description and Systematics)
- Víctor Manuel Molina-Guerra, B. Soto-Mata, Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez, E. Jurado, Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Marisela Pando-Moreno, A. Alcalá-Rojas: Germination of Amoreuxia wrightii species at risk of extinction in Northeastern Mexico. In: Brazilian Journal of Biology , July 2019. doi : 10.1590 / 1519-6984.215807
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bixaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 20, 2020.
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 161, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 105-121. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
- ↑ a b Bixaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Bixaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 5, 2018.
- ↑ a b Víctor Manuel Molina-Guerra, B. Soto-Mata, Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez, E. Jurado, Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Marisela Pando-Moreno, A. Alcalá-Rojas: Germination of Amoreuxia wrightii species at risk of extinction in Northeastern Mexico. In: Brazilian Journal of Biology , July 2019. doi : 10.1590 / 1519-6984.215807
- ↑ Bixaceae at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Bixaceae at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Description of the Bixaceae, there only one genus Bixa , Cochlospermaceae and Diegodendraceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (engl.)
- Qiner Yang, Michael G. Gilbert: In: ZY Wu, PH Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 13, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 2007. Bixaceae. , P. 741 - online with the same text as the printed work. (only one genus there)
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