Rockrose Shrike Family
Rockrose Shrike Family | ||||||||||||
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Yellow rockrose shrike ( Cytinus hypocistis ), illustration |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Cytinaceae | ||||||||||||
( Brogn. ) A.Rich. |
The plant family of the rockrose shrike family (Cytinaceae) belongs to the order of the mallow-like (Malvales).
description
They are parasitic plants, more precisely they are called holoparasites, also called full parasites or full parasites . These are plant parasites that are no longer able to photosynthesize because they lack chlorophyll . They get all the necessary nutrients from their host's roots through haustoria . There are no roots. Leaves are actually only bracts of the inflorescences and not foliage leaves, these are reduced to opposite, alternate or mostly whorled, membranous scales. There are no stomata .
Only the inflorescences / fruit clusters are recognizable as the actual plant. There are monoecious ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ) separate-sex species. The flowers stand together in mostly racemose , sometimes cephalic inflorescences . The unisexual flowers are small to medium-sized and have radial symmetry . In some species the flowers smell unpleasant. The inflorescence consists of four to nine sepals that have grown together to form a tube , with no petals . The male flowers contain eight to rarely 100 fertile stamens , with no stamens being recognizable, so the anthers are sessile. The pollen grain usually has two to three, rarely four apertures and is colpat or porate. In the female flowers are four to eight, rarely up to 14 carpels an under constant ovary fused with an equal number of chambers as carpels. In each ovary chamber there are 25 to 100 orthotropic, bitegmic, tenuinucellate ovules in parietal placentation . The long stylus ends in a trimmed scar. Ants and birds are given as pollinators .
Many berries with many seeds are produced. The tiny seeds contain no endosperm and only a rudimentary embryo at seed maturity .
Systematics
The Cytinaceae family was established in 1824 by Achille Richard in Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle , 5, p. 301.
Only two genera with ten species belong to the family of the Cytinaceae:
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Bdallophyton
Eichler : With one to four kinds in Mexico and Central America .
- Bdallophyton americanum (R. Br.) Harms
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Cytinus L .: With six to eight species in Europe , Asia Minor , the Mediterranean , South Africa and Madagascar . They are also called rockrose shrike :
- Cytinus baroni Baker f. : It is endemic to the Malagasy province of Toamasina . It thrives in forests at altitudes between 500 and 1000 meters.
- Cytinus capensis Marloth : It occurs only in the Capensis .
- Cytinus glandulosus Jumelle : It is endemic to the Malagasy province of Antsiranana . It thrives in the thicket at altitudes between 1500 and 2000 meters.
- Yellow rockrose shrike ( Cytinus hypocistis L. ): It occurs in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands .
- Cytinus malagasicus Jumelle & H. Perrier : It is endemic to the Malagasy province Toamasina at altitudes between 500 and 1000 meters.
- Cytinus ruber Kom . : It is common in the Mediterranean area. Hosts are the rockrose ( Cistus ) and Halimium species.
- Cytinus sanguineus (Thunb.) Fourc. : It only occurs in the Capensis.
- Cytinus visseri Burgoyne : It occurs only in the Capensis in the South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga and in Swaziland .
The position in the system is controversial. Even at APG, it is listed both as part of the Malvales and without classification. Other authors put them in an order Rafflesiales, i.e. a taxon with only full parasites.
swell
- The family of cytinaceae in APWebsite. (Section systematics and description)
- The Cytinaceae family at the DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (Section description)
- Information on the Cytinaceae family at parasiticplants . (engl.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ page Cytinaceae on biowin.at
- ↑ Cytinaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Entry in the Madagascar Catalog.
- Jump up ↑ PM Burgoyne: A New Species of Cytinus (Cytinaceae) from South Africa and Swaziland, with a Key to the Southern African Species , In: Novon , Volume 16, No. 3, 2006, pp. 315-319.