Yams

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Yams
Common wormwood (Dioscorea communis)

Common wormwood ( Dioscorea communis )

Systematics
Empire : Plants (Plantae)
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Yams
Scientific name
Dioscoreales
Hook.f.

The yam-like (Dioscoreales) are an order of the monocotyledons . Only relatively few species are used by humans.

description

Yams are mostly perennial herbaceous plants . Often rhizomes or, less often, tubers are formed as persistent organs. The vascular bundles are arranged in one or more circles, this is rare in monocots. The leaves are often divided into petioles and leaf blades, although this is less the case with the monocot (Liliopsida). The leaf veins are often reticulated.

There are glandular hairs on the inflorescences or flowers. The threefold flowers are hermaphroditic or unisexual (Dioscoreaceae). There are two circles with three identical bloom bracts each ( perigone ). The bracts are also well preserved on the fruits. The usually short style ends in three well-developed scar lobes. The embryo is usually short.
The flower formula is:

Systematics

The order of the yam-like (Dioscoreales) contains three families :

Within the order of the Dioscoreales, the Nartheciaceae are at the base, the Burmanniaceae and Dioscoreaceae are each sister groups and form a common clade .

swell

  • Description of the order of the Dioscoreales on the AP website. (Section systematics and description)
  • Andreas Bresinsky , Christian Körner , Joachim W. Kadereit , Gunther Neuhaus , Uwe Sonnewald : Strasburger - Textbook of Botany , founded by Eduard Strasburger, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2008, 36th edition ISBN 978-3827414557 : Dioscoreales: p. 856. (Section systematics and description)
  • Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, Dion S. Devey, Oliver Maurin, Nina Rønsted, T. Jonathan Davies, Yohan Pillon, Gitte Petersen, Ole Seberg, MN Tamura, Conny B. Asmussen, Khidir Hilu, Thomas Borsch, Jerrold I. Davis, Dennis W. Stevenson, J. Chris Pires, Thomas J. Givnish, Kenneth J. Sytsma, Marc A. McPherson, Sean W. Graham & Hardeep S. Rai: Multigene analyzes of monocot relationships: a summary. , in Aliso , Volume 22, 2006, pp. 63-75. (Section systematics)
  • Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, SW Graham, MA McPherson, LM Prince, TB Patterson, HS Rai, EH Roalson, TM Evans, WJ Hahn, KC Millam, AW Meerow, M. Molvray, PJ Kores, HE O ' Brien, JC Hall, WJ Kress & KJ Sytsma :. Phylogeny of the monocots based on the highly informative plastid gene ndhF: Evidence for widespread concerted convergence , in Aliso , 22, 2006, pp. 28–51. (Section systematics)
  • P. Schols, CA Furness, Vincent Merckx, P. Wilkin & E. Smets: Comparative pollen development in Dioscoreales , in Internat. J. Plant Sci. , 166, 2005, pp. 909-924.
  • Lizabeth R. Caddick et al .: Yams and their allies: Systematics of Dioscoreales. , in: KL Wilson & DA Morrison (editors): Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. , Melbourne, 2000, pp. 475-487.
  • Lizabeth R. Caddick, Paul Wilkin, Paula J. Rudall, Terry AJ Hedderson & Mark W. Chase: Yams reclassified: a recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales. , in Taxon , 51 (1), 2002, pp. 103-114.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161: 2, 2009, pp. 105-121

Web links

Commons : Yam (Dioscoreales)  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files