Common carpentery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Common carpentery
Common globewort (Dioscorea communis), flowering plant

Common globewort ( Dioscorea communis ), flowering plant

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Yams (Dioscoreales)
Family : Yam family (Dioscoreaceae)
Genre : Yams ( Dioscorea )
Type : Common carpentery
Scientific name
Dioscorea communis
( L. ) Caddick & Wilkin

The common wormwood ( Dioscorea communis , syn .: Tamus communis L. ) is a climbing plant from the yam family (Dioscoreaceae) that perishes underground as a tuber . The name is derived from the Middle High German smer = fat. Other names are True Schmerwurz , Ordinary Schmerwurz , pain Wurz , stick Wurz , fire root .

description

There are dioecious getrenntgeschlechtige ( dioecious ) monocots with underground tubers. The stems are up to 4 meters long. They are striped, glabrous, and sometimes branched. The leaves are undivided, alternate, with a long petiole, heart-shaped, about 8-15 (-20) cm long and 4-11 (-16) cm wide, with entire margins, long, pointed, dark green and shiny, with 3-9 arched nerves , but branching out on the network. Three-lobed, spear-shaped leaves are also rare. Such specimens were called Tamus cretica by Carl von Linné , but at most they have the rank of a variety. At the base of the petiole there are hook-shaped solid structures that are used for clinging and are perhaps remodeled stipules. The right- winding climbing plant bears yellowish green, either male or female flowers from May to June. The inflorescences are axillary racemes. The flowers are threefold, green-yellow and about 3–6 mm in size. The inflorescence of the male flowers is urn-shaped-bell-shaped with six almost identical tips. These contain 6 stamens. The perianth of the female flowers consists of six narrow little tips. This includes the ovary below with a three-pronged style. The fruits are red, rarely yellowish berries that are 10–12 mm in diameter and contain up to 6 seeds. The seeds are spherical.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

Occurrence

The common wormwood is the only species of this family that can also be found in Central Europe. B. in southern Germany (Upper Rhine, High Rhine, Lake Constance). The distribution area includes Macaronesia, North Africa, Western Europe and extends from the Mediterranean to Iran. The wormwood grows on the edges of deciduous forests , in hedges and bushes on fresh and nutrient-rich soils, where they can reach a height of up to three meters. It is a character species of the order Prunetalia, but also occurs in societies of the Alno-Ulmion or Tilio-Acerion associations and in the Mediterranean area also in the Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii association.

ingredients

The rootwort is poisonous because of the saponins and calcium oxalate contained in the plant parts . Rubbing the juice of the berries or roots on the skin can cause skin irritation caused by tiny oxalate crystals and histamine in the juice. The root also contains phenanthrene derivatives and the glycosides dioscin and gracillin as well as their derivatives. In a laboratory study there was evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of the root juice. In folk medicine, the plant was used against rheumatism and bruises, among other things , hence the French name “herbe aux femmes battues” (“herb of the beaten women”). Today it still plays a role in homeopathy .

photos

  • Macaw ( Dioscorea communis ), illustration

  • Schmerwurz , right-winder, left-handed helix

  • Sorrel , fruiting female plant

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vernon Hilton Heywood : Dioscoreaceae In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea . Volume 5, pages 84-85. Cambridge University Press 1980. ISBN 0-521-20108-X
  2. ^ Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . 2nd edition, volume 2, part 2. Page 374–377. Carl Hanser Publishing House, Munich 1939.
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 140 .
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dioscorea communis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  5. ^ RJ Schmidt, SP Moult: The dermatitic properties of black bryony (Tamus communis L.). In: Contact Dermatitis . 1983; 9 (5): 390-6. PMID 6627925
  6. ↑ N. Mascolo et al. a .: Local anti-inflammatory activity of Tamus communis. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . 1987; 19 (1): 81-4. PMID 3586696

Web links

Commons : Common Schmerwurz ( Dioscorea communis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files