Nartheciaceae
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Illustration of Lophiola aurea |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Nartheciaceae | ||||||||||||
| Fr. ex Bjurzon |
The Nartheciaceae are a family in the order yam-like (Dioscoreales). The four genera with about 41 species are common in the northern hemisphere and in South America.
description
Habit and leaves
They are perennial herbaceous plants . Often they form rhizomes as persistence organs. The alternate, spiral and basal leaves are sessile. The parallel-veined and entire leaf blade is mostly isobifacial.
Inflorescences and flowers
They form racemose inflorescences . There are bracts but no cover sheets . The flowers are threefold. The six equally shaped bracts ( tepals ) are only fused at their base. There are two circles, each with three stamens that are only fused at their base . Three fruit leaves are a half under continuous to upper permanent ovary grown with many ovules per ovary chamber.
Fruits and seeds
The three-chamber capsule fruits are surrounded by the bracts and remain on the plants for a very long time. The seeds contain helobial endosperm .
Ingredients and chromosomes
It is chelidanic present. It is calcium stored in glands.
The chromosomes are 0.7 to 1.4 µm long. The basic chromosome numbers are x = mostly 13, less often 12, 21, 22.
Systematics and distribution
The area of the family is strong disjoint : with species in the temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere ( Europe and North America ), species in Asia ( East Asia and Southeast Asia ), and species in northeastern South America ( Venezuela and Guyana ).
The family name Nartheciaceae was published in 1846 by Elias Magnus Fries in Jonas Bjurzon : Scandinaviens Växtfamiljer i sammandrag framställda , Upsala, p. 64. The type genus is Narthecium Huds. ; whose scientific name is derived from the Greek word narthex for rod, this refers to the shape of the inflorescence.
The position of the genera that are today classified in the Nartheciaceae has been discussed for a long time. For a long time they were classified in the Liliaceae , Dahlgren et al. 1985 put it together with the genera of today's Tofieldiaceae and Petrosaviaceae in the Melanthiaceae and Tamura 1998 put it in the Petrosaviaceae. Molecular genetic studies have shown that they are related to the Burmanniaceae , Dioscoreaceae , Taccaceae and Thismiaceae and that they belong as a basal group to the order of the Dioscoreales (Caddick et al. 2000, 2002). The monotypic genus Metanarthecium Maxim. has long been debated and the only species Metanarthecium luteoviride Maxim. with two varieties from the Kuriles to Japan and Korea , Merckx et al. 2008 in the genus Aletris as Aletris luteoviridis (Maxim.) Franch. incorporated.
There are about four genera with about 41 species in the Nartheciaceae family:
- Aletris L .: It is distributed with 25 to 33 species in North America, the Bahamas and in eastern Asia. Including:
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Lophiola Ker Gawl. : It contains only one type:
- Lophiola aurea Ker Gawler : It thrives at altitudes of 0 to 100 meters in eastern North America in Nova Scotia, Canada,and in the eastern US states of Alabama , Delaware , Georgia , Louisiana , Mississippi , New Jersey , North Carolina and Florida .
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Metanarthecium Maxim. : It includes only one species. Some authors also call it Aletris luteoviridis (Maxim.) Franch. placed in the genus Aletris .
- Metanarthecium luteoviride Maxim. : It occurs from the Kuril Islands to Japan and in southern Korea. It includes two varieties.
- Narthecium Huds. : The eight or so species are common in the northern hemisphere.
- Nietneria Klotzsch ex Benth. : It is distributed with only two species from southeastern Venezuela to western Guyana and northern Brazil .
swell
- The family of nartheciaceae in APWebsite. (Sections Description and Systematics)
- LR Caddick, JR Rudall, P. Wilkin, TAJ Heddersonn & Mark W. Chase: Phylogenetics of Dioscoreales based on combined analyzes of morphological and molecular data. , in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. , 138, 2002.
- Vincent Merckx, Peter Schols, Koen Geuten, Suzy Huysmans & Erik Smets: Phylogenetic Relationships in Nartheciaceae (Dioscoreales), with Focus on Pollen and Orbicule Morphology , in Belgian Journal of Botany , Volume 141, Number 1, September 2008, p. 64– 77: full text PDF.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Nartheciaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 5, 2020.
- ↑ Victoria I. Sullivan: Aletris , p. 64 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 (English).
- ↑ Liang Songyun (梁松筠) & Nicholas J. Turland Description by Aletris , p. 77 - text online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 (English).
- ↑ a b Kenneth R. Robertson: Lophiola , p. 48 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 (English).
- ↑ Frederick H. Utech: Narthecium , p. 66 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 (English).
Web links
- SG Aiken, MJ Dallwitz, LL Consaul, CL McJannet, LJ Gillespie, RL Boles, GW Argus, JM Gillett, PJ Scott, R. Elven, MC LeBlanc, AK Brysting & H. Solstad: Nartheciaceae in Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago : in the wayback archive. ( Memento from February 26, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (English - historical in extended scope)
Map with all linked sites: