Apodanthaceae

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Apodanthaceae
Illustration of three types of the family: left Pilostyles haussknechtii, in the middle Apodanthes flacourtiae, right Pilostyles caulotreti

Illustration of three types of the family: left Pilostyles haussknechtii , in the middle Apodanthes flacourtiae , right Pilostyles caulotreti

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Pumpkin-like (Cucurbitales)
Family : Apodanthaceae
Scientific name
Apodanthaceae
( R.Br ) Tiegh. ex Takht.

Apodanthaceae is a family of flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). There are two or three genera with about 10 species . The name of a presumed third genus is illegitimate (see the information in the index Nominum Genericorum). The species are found in the Neotropic as far as California and Florida as the northernmost distribution, in Iran , in southwestern Australia and in eastern Africa .

description

The species in the family are chlorophyllless , holoparasitic , perennial herbaceous plants . They are stem and root parasites . Pilostyles species have Fabaceae such as Dalea and Daviesia as host plants; the African Pilostyles species parasitizes only on Amherstieae species within the Fabaceae and Mimosa as host plants; and Apodanthes species are known from host plants such as Casearia species ( Salicaceae ). The Apodanthaceae have no stomata . There is also no secondary growth in thickness . They do not form roots.

The plants are monoecious or dioecious separately sexed ( monoecious , dioecious ). The only visible part of the plant are the flowers, which grow directly out of the bark of the host tree. The host plant forms a cupula- like structure, above which are several series of yellow to orange, scale-like bracts , above which the flower stands. The bracts are the only leaves on these plants.

The solitary, unisexual flowers are radial symmetry and small to tiny. The inflorescence consists of only four to five sepals , which can be fleshy and white to cream-colored or red; Petals are missing. The 20 to 100 stamens of the male flowers have grown together to form a central column. The pollination is effected by insects ( Entomophilie ).

The fleshy berries contain many small seeds (0.29 to 0.56 mm long). The seeds are spread by animals.

Systematics

This family was incorporated into the Cucurbitales in 2010 with the help of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. There it also fits in well with its flower structure morphologically. The family includes two or three genera with about 10 species :

Genera and species

  • Apodanthes Poit. : Native to the Neotropics . With one kind:
  • Berlinianche (Harms) Vattimo-Gil , nom. inval .: native to eastern Africa . With one or two ways:
    • Berlinianche aethiopica (Welw.) Vattimo-Gil , nom. inval., the correct name is Pilostyles aethiopica Welw.
    • Berlinianche holtzii (Engl.) Vattimo-Gil , nom. inval., the correct name is Pilostyles holtzii Engl.
  • Pilostyles Guill. : With areas in the USA , Mexico , Central and South America , Southwest Australia and Eastern Africa. With about 8 species, including:
    • Pilostyles thurberi A. Gray : It occurs in California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Mexico.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ George Yatskievych: Apodanthaceae Van Tieghem ex Takhtajan. In: Flora of North America, vol. 6. [1] .

Web links

Commons : Apodanthaceae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files