Corsiaceae

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Corsiaceae
Corsia

Corsia

Systematics
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Lily-like (Liliales)
Family : Corsiaceae
Scientific name
Corsiaceae
Becc.

The Corsiaceae are a family of plants from the order of the lily-like (Liliales). It contains three genera with 25 species.

description

Corsiaceae are herbaceous plants with rhizomes or tuber-like roots as persistence organs. The above-ground parts of the plant are unbranched. The three to seven alternately arranged, egg-shaped leaves are reduced to scale leaves , three to seven-veined and up to 5 centimeters long. Stipules are missing.

The individually standing, threefold, terminal flowers are zygomorphic . In Corsia pen, scar and dust bag to a gynostemium grown. Except for the monoecious getrenntgeschlechtige ( monoecious ) Type Corsiopsis chinensis the monotypic genus Corsiopsis all kinds have hermaphroditic and pronounced vormännliche flowers. The six one- or three-veined bracts are free, stand in two circles and are shaped differently. One perigone of the outer circle is larger than the rest and is (similar to orchids) designed as a labellum , which is provided with a characteristic callus at the base of Corsia species . There are two circles with three fertile stamens each. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown, with a stylus and three scars.

There are fruit capsules formed containing from about 25 to 100 seeds. The tiny, winged seeds are furrowed lengthways and are likely to be spread by the wind ( anemochory ).

All species of the family have given up photosynthesis and accordingly no longer form chlorophyll , instead they live myco-heterotroph . Your xylem is not perforated.

Distribution area

The genus Corsia is native to New Guinea , but radiates sporadically except for the Solomon Islands , the Bismarck Archipelago and Queensland . Arachnitis is found in South America and the Falkland Islands , Corsiopsis in South China . The majority of the Corsiaceae live under humid, hot conditions in humus soils, shaded by dense vegetation.

The unusual distribution area is due to the old age of the family. The occurrence of the parent species ( crown node ) 53 million years ago closely overlaps with the breakup of the major continent of Gondwana and the disintegration in Australasia, South America and the Antarctic.

Arachnitis uniflora
Figure of Corsia cordata

Systematics

The family includes three genera, two of which are monotypical :

  • Arachnitis Phil. , With only one type:
  • Corsia Becc. : It contains 23 species that are found in New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands and Queensland.
  • Corsiopsis D.X.Zhang, RMKSaunders & CMHu , with only one species:

The Corsiaceae were already proposed by Beccari , but the genera were long put to the Burmanniaceae , only Schlechter separated them again in 1905 as a separate family. Molecular genetic studies were able to prove the long-discussed monophyly of the family and that they, together with their sister group, the Campynemataceae , form a basal clade within the Liliales .

proof

  • Rafaël Govaerts: World Checklist of Corsiaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  • Paula J. Rudall, Alison Eastman: The questionable affinities of Corsia (Corsiaceae): evidence from floral anatomy and pollen morphology. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 138, No. 3, 2002, pp. 315-324, DOI: 10.1046 / j.1095-8339.2002.00024.x .
  • Dianxiang Zhang , Richard MK Saunders, Chi-Ming Hu: Corsiopsis chinensis gen. Et sp. nov. (Corsiaceae): First Record of the Family in Asia. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 24, No. 3, Jul-Sep. 1999, pp. 311-314 ( PDF file , JSTOR 2419691 ).
  • Ray Neyland, Melissa Hennigan: A phylogenetic analysis of large-subunit (26S) ribosome DNA sequences suggests that the Corsiaceae are polyphyletic. In: New Zealand Journal of Botany. Volume 41, 2003, pp. 1-11 ( PDF file ).
  • Aaron Goldberg: Character Variation in Angiosperm Families. In: Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Volume 47, 2003, Washington DC, pp. 120, 128, 132, 140, 177 ( PDF file; 11 MB ).
  • Christoph Neinhuis , P. Ibisch: Corsiaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 3: Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons. Lilianae (except Orchidaceae) . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1998, ISBN 3-540-64060-6 , pp. 198-201 (English).

Individual evidence

Most of the information in this article has been taken from the sources given under references; the following sources are also cited:

  1. ↑ Christoph Neinhuis, P. Ibisch: Corsiaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 3: Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons. Lilianae (except Orchidaceae) . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1998, ISBN 3-540-64060-6 , pp. 200 (English).
  2. ↑ Mennes, CB, Lam, VK, Rudall, PJ, Lyon, SP, Graham, SW, Smets, EF, Merckx, VS and Ebach, M. (2015), Ancient Gondwana break ‐ up explains the distribution of the mycoheterotrophic family Corsiaceae (Liliales). J. Biogeogr., 42: 1123-1136. doi: 10.1111 / jbi.12486
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Corsiaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  4. ^ Rudolf Schlechter: Family Corsiaceae. In: Karl Schumann, Karl Lauterbach: Supplements to the flora of the German protected areas in the South Seas (excluding Samoas and the Carolines). With 14 plates and a portrait by K. Schumann. Gebr. Borntraeger, Leipzig 1905, p. 47 ( BHL ).
  5. ↑ link.springer.com: Phylogenetic Inferences and the Evolution of Plastid DNA in Campynemataceae and the Mycoheterotrophic Corsia dispar DL Jones & B. Gray (Corsiaceae) | SpringerLink , accessed on July 9, 2018
  6. ↑ Mennes, CB, Lam, VK, Rudall, PJ, Lyon, SP, Graham, SW, Smets, EF, Merckx, VS and Ebach, M. (2015), Ancient Gondwana break ‐ up explains the distribution of the mycoheterotrophic family Corsiaceae (Liliales). J. Biogeogr., 42: 1123-1136. doi: 10.1111 / jbi.12486

Web links

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