Putranjivaceae

Putranjivaceae
	Putranjiva roxburghii , trunk and foliage leaves
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family :	Putranjivaceae
Scientific name
	Putranjivaceae
	Meisn.

The Putranjivaceae are a family in the order of the Malpighiales (Malpighiales) within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). The three to four genera with about 210 species are mainly found in the Paleotropic , but also in the Neotropic .

description

Illustration by Putranjiva roxburghii

They are evergreen shrubs or trees . The alternate and two-row leaves on the branch are usually divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blades are often heart-shaped and asymmetrical at the base with leaf veins that terminate in teeth or thorns and turn gray when dry. The blackish gray leaf veins can be seen particularly clearly in most species. There are stipules present.

They are dioecious separate sexes ( diocesan ). The flowers are usually in several groups. The relatively small flowers only have a circle of four or five (rarely seven) cladding leaves. The male flowers contain (two to) three to twenty (to numerous) stamens . In the female flowers are one to four (rarely up to nine) carpels to syncarp, Upper permanent are ovary overgrown, with a short or without stylus. In the case of stone fruits , the stylus are often still present when ripe.

ingredients

The fresh leaves usually have a radish or pepper-like odor, which is caused by mustard oil glycosides (= glucosinolates). In species of this family, caterpillars of the butterfly family of white flies (Pieridae) have often been observed (they occur mainly on plant species that contain mustard oil glycosides). They also contain triterpenes as other important ingredients .

Foliage leaves and ripe fruit of Drypetes arguta

Foliage leaves and ripe fruits of Drypetes sepiaria

Systematics and distribution

The Putranjivaceae family was established in 1842 by Carl Daniel Friedrich Meisner . The kinds of this family were earlier summarized as tribe Drypeteae in the subfamily of Phyllanthoideae within family of milkweed plants (Euphorbiaceae).

The species of the Putranjivaceae have areas in the tropics to subtropics , especially in Africa (including Madagascar ) and the Malay Archipelago .

The following three to four genera with about 210 species belong to the Putranjivaceae family:

Drypetes Vahl (Syn .: Anaua Miq. , Astylis Wight , Brexiopsis H.Perrier , Calyptosepalum S.Moore , Cometia Thouars ex Baill. , Cyclostemon Blume , Discophis Raf. , Dodecastemon Hassk. , Freireodendron Müll.Arg. Guya Frapp., Hemicyclia Wight & Arn. , Humblotia Baill. , Laneasagum Bedd. , Liparena Poit. Ex Léman , Liparene Baill. , Palenga Thwaites , Paracasearia Boerl. , Periplexis Wall. , Pycnosandra Blume , Riseleya Hemsl. , Sphragidia Thwaites , Stelechanteria Thouars ex. ) : The approximately 200 species are widespread in subtropical to tropical areas. A list of the recognized species can be found in R. Govaerts.
Lingelsheimia Pax (Syn .: Aerisilvaea Radcl.-Sm. , Danguyodrypetes Leandri ): This genus isincorporated into the Phyllanthaceae family by some authors. Of the approximately six species are distributed in western-central and eastern tropical Africa and four occur only in Madagascar.
Putranjiva Wall. (Syn .: Liodendron H.Keng , Nageia Roxb. , Palenga Person | Thwaites): The four or so species are distributed in tropical to subtropical Asia.
- Putranjiva Roxburghii Wall. : From Pakistan, Nepal and India, Bangladesh to Southeast Asia
Sibangea Olive. : The three or so species are common in tropical Africa.

swell

The family at the AP website. (Sections systematics and description)
Gil Nelson: The Trees of Florida: A Reference and Field Guide . Pineapple Press, 2010, pp. 310 ( Putranjivaceae on p. 310 in the Google book search).
Thomas Schoepke: Datasheet from botany for pharmacists according to APG II. (Sections description and ingredients)

Individual evidence

↑ Putranjivaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 23, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Putranjivaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 24, 2018.
↑ Putranjivaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 23, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Putranjivaceae - collection of images, videos and audio files

[Tropicos-1] Putranjivaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 23, 2015.

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Putranjivaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 24, 2018.

[GRIN-3] Putranjivaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 23, 2015.