Trigoniaceae

Trigoniaceae
Systematics
Eudicotyledons Nuclear eudicotyledons Rosids Eurosiden I Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales) Family : Trigoniaceae
Scientific name
Trigoniaceae
Final

The Trigoniaceae are a family in the order of the Malpighiales (Malpighiales) within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). They have a disjoint area : Madagascar , Malay Archipelago , Central and Tropical South America .

description

They are evergreen, woody plants: trees , bushes or lianas . The leaves are usually arranged opposite, alternate in Trigoniastrum . The stalked leaves are simple with a smooth leaf margin and are very hairy on the underside. There are stipules present.

The zymose , racemose or paniculate inflorescences are terminal or axillary. There are bracts . The hermaphrodite flowers are strongly zygomorphic and five-fold with double perianth . The flowers look similar to butterfly flowers , but have a fundamentally different structure. The five sepals are fused. There are three or five free petals . There are five to twelve at their stamens grown together stamens present, of which five to eight fertile . Most three, rarely four, fruit leaves are a top permanent ovary grown. In every flower there is a stylus with a mostly heady stigma. There is a discus. Pollination occurs by insects ( entomophilia ).

Capsule fruits are usually formed , or in the case of Humbertiodendron and Trigoniastrum three-winged samara (wing nut). The seeds of some taxa are provided with long hair. The seeds are spread with the wind or water.

Systematics

These taxa were classified in the earlier order Polygalales. The Trigoniaceae are closely related to the Dichapetalaceae . The family Trigoniaceae was set up in 1841 by Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (The publication by Adrien Henri Laurent de Jussieu in Dictionnaire Universal d'Histoire Naturelle , 12, p. 670, which is also often cited , dates from 1849). The type genus is Trigonia Aubl. There are five genera with around 28 to 35 species:

• Humbertiodendron Leandri : With the only species:
  • Humbertiodendron saboureaui Leandri : The home is Madagascar.
• Isidodendron Fern.Alonso , Pérez-Z. & Idárraga : With the only kind:
  • Isidodendron tripterocarpum Fern. Alonso, Pérez-Z. & Idárraga : This species is native to Colombia . With racemose inflorescence.
• Trigonia Aubl. : With about 24 species found in tropical America.
• Trigoniastrum Miq. : With only one type:
  • Trigoniastrum hypoleucum Miq. (Syn .: Isopteris penangiana Wallich ex Benn. ); ss are trees with leaves arranged in two rows and a three-lobed stigma. The fruit breaks into three wing nuts (samara) . The homeland is western Malesia.
• Trigoniodendron E.F. Guim. & Miguel : With only one kind:
  • Trigoniodendron spiritusanctense E.F.Guim. & Miguel ; it only occurs in Brazil.

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• The family of trigoniaceae in APWebsite. (engl.)
• The Trigoniaceae family at DELTA.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Trigoniaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses . 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
3. ↑ José Luis Fernández-Alonso, Jorge A. Pérez-Zabala & Alvaro Idarraga-Piedrahita: Isidodendron, un nuevo género neotropical de árboles de la familia Trigoniaceae , In: Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales , No. 92, 2000, pp. 348-354, f. 1-4. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 550 kB) 

Web links

Commons : Trigoniaceae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry in the flora of Madagascar . (engl.)
• Trigoniastrum at DELTA. (engl.)