Gomortega club
| Gomortega club | ||||||||||||
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Gomortega club |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Gomortegaceae | ||||||||||||
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| Gomortega | ||||||||||||
| Ruiz & Pav. | ||||||||||||
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| Gomortega club | ||||||||||||
| ( Molina ) Baill. |
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Gomortega club or queue , club , is the only species of the genus Gomortega from the monotypic plant family of the Gomortegaceae. The evergreen tree onlygrows endemically in a small area in central Chile .
features
Habit and trunk
The trees are quite large and reach a height of up to 30 meters with a trunk diameter of up to one meter. The nodes are unilacunar with two leaf traces. The secondary growth in thickness occurs normally. The plastids of the sieve tubes are of the P-type.
leaves
The simple leaves are opposite, shiny and leathery. The round-pointed to pointed, entire and 5–10 cm long leaf blade is undivided, narrow-ovoid to lanceolate or obovate. The leaves are short stalked and have no stipules . The size is 5–12 × 2–4.5 centimeters. The stomata are paracytic. In the mesophyll there are round cells with essential oils. This gives the plant an aromatic smell. The nerve , with a slightly impressed central vein, is pinnate with indistinct lateral veins.
Inflorescences and flowers
Gomortega club is protogynous , i.e. female . The racemose and few-flowered inflorescences are terminal or axillary. The whitish and short-stalked flowers have two bracts . The always hermaphrodite and small flowers are (5–9 millimeters) and regular, sometimes acyclic, that is, arranged in a spiral.
The simple perianth (perianth) is kronblattartig and consists of (five) seven (nine) unfused, to 3.5 millimeters long tepals that are spiral and the center are smaller toward.
The short androeceum is (seven) nine (thirteen) -fold. The free stamens are arranged in a spiral, shorter towards the middle and neither fused with the perianth nor with each other. The outer, longer stamens are tepal-like and sometimes with oil glands at the base, the inner ones usually have oil glands at the base. Between the fertile stamens and the ovary there are usually (one) three (four) reduced, sterile staminodes. The number of fertile stamens is five to ten, often eight. The anthers open with longitudinal flaps. The pollen is distributed in single grains, these are non-aperturat.
The gynoeceum consists of two (three) carpels. The short stamp therefore has two (three) compartments. The ovary is synkarp and subordinate, with a short and three- grain style . The placentation is apical, there is a pendent, anatropic ovule per compartment . Flowering time is March and April.
fruit
Gomortega club forms yellow, edible stone fruits with a hard endocarp , stone core . They usually contain a seed with a rich oily endosperm . The fruit is 3.5–7 × 2–5 centimeters and oval to spherical. The fruit ripens in April and May.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.
distribution
The species is endemic to Chile and occurs only in regions VII ( Región del Maule ) and VIII ( Región del Bío-Bío ).
The IUCN classifies the species as endangered. Reasons are habitat loss through agriculture, deforestation and fire.
Systematics
The sister family within the Laurales are the Atherospermataceae . The common features are the presence of bud scales; Sieve tube plastids with fibrils; the outer, not the inner, stamens are transformed into staminodes; and a short stylus.
Synonyms for Gomortega keule (Molina) Baill. are: Lucuma club Molina ; Gomortega nitida Ruiz & Pav .; Adenostemum nitidum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. and Keulia chilensis Molina .
use
The fruits are edible and are used to make jams and liqueurs.
Leaves and flowers are used for decoration. The wood was formerly used for furniture because of its easy workability.
literature
- Tonya Lander, Stephen A Harris, David Boshier: Producción de flores y frutas y polinización por insectos de Gomortega club en bosque nativo y en terrenos agrícolas, un árbol chileno en peligro de extinción. In: Revista chilena de historia natural. 82 (3), 2008, pp. 403-412, doi: 10.4067 / S0716-078X2009000300007 .
- Diego Muñoz-Concha, Michael Raymond Davey: Gomortega keule, the neglected and endangered Chilean fruit tree. In: European Journal of Forest Research. Volume 130, 2010, pp. 677-693, doi: 10.1007 / s10342-010-0465-1 .
- Diego Muñoz-Concha: Gomortega club: micropropagation and germplasm. Dissertation, Univ. Nottingham, 2010, online (PDF; 7.3 MB).
Web links
- Gomortegaceae on the APWebsite (Engl.)
- Gomortegaceae in L. Watson and MJ Dallwitz (1992 onwards), The families of flowering plants .
- Gomortega club in the flora of Chile (more pictures below with photos).
- Gomortega club in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2006. Posted by: González, 1998. Accessed July 25 of 2007.
- Images and distribution map at Chilebosque (in Spanish).
- Gomortega club at Fundación RA Philippi.
Individual evidence
- ^ IUCN Red List, see web links
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Gomortega. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 21, 2020.