Laurel-like

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Laurel-like
Laurel (Laurus nobilis)

Laurel ( Laurus nobilis )

Systematics
Empire : Plants (Plantae)
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Magnoliids
Order : Laurel-like
Scientific name
Laurales
Perleb

The laurel-like (Laurales) are a plant order in the informal group of Magnoliopsida . It contains seven families.

features

The laurel-like are predominantly evergreen, woody plants with simple and leathery leaves. The sieve tube plastids have protein crystalloids. The nodes are unilacunar. The leaves are opposite or whorled. The vascular bundles of the petioles are curved.

The flowers are in zymose inflorescences . A hypanthium is present: the flowers are perigynous, which means that the carpels are often embedded in a fleshy receptacle. This becomes woody when the fruit ripens. There are also internal staminodes . Per carpel there is one (or two) basal standing ovule . The Archespor is multicellular. The stylodium is long. The pollen is inaperturat.

The always lonely fruits are capsule fruits , dry closing fruits, stone fruits or berries .

distribution

The main distribution area are the tropics, especially the Lauraceae also extend into the Mediterranean area.

paleontology

The Laurales are an ancient angiosperm group. Fossil finds go back to the early Cretaceous period , one Calycanthaceae fossil is 110 million years old. Based on molecular biological investigations, the age of the order is estimated to be around 130 million years; today's families were formed between 75 and 90 million years ago.

Systematics

The laurel-like belong to the informal group of the Magnoliids , a basal group of the Bedecktsamer from four orders. Your sister taxon are the magnolia-like . The order contains seven families:

The relationships can be found in the following cladogram:



Calycanthaceae


   


Siparunaceae


   

Gomortegaceae


   

Atherospermataceae




   

Monimiaceae


   

Hernandiaceae


   

Lauraceae






use

Quite a few representatives are used as timber. In addition, the camphor tree ( Cinnamomum camphora ) supplies the camphor, the cinnamon trees ( Cinnamomum verum and others) the cinnamon . The Real laurel is a spice and Avocado ( Persea americana ) is a fruit.

literature

  • Susanne Renner: Circumscription and phylogeny of the Laurales: evidence from molecular and morphological data . American Journal of Botany 1999, Volume 86, pp. 1301-1315. Abstract and full text

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Susanne Renner: Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present. Biol. Skr. 55, 2004, pp. 441-458. ISBN 87-7304-304-4 full text (pdf; 903 kB)
  2. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161: 2, 2009, pp. 105-121
  3. ↑ According to AP website

Web links

Commons : Laurel-like  - collection of images, videos, and audio files