Hydrangea family

Hydrangea family
	Garden hydrangea ( Hydrangea macrophylla )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
Order :	Dogwood-like (Cornales)
Family :	Hydrangea family
Scientific name
	Hydrangeaceae
	Dumort.

The hydrangea family (Hydrangeaceae) are a family of plants in the order of the dogwood-like (Cornales). The approximately 17 genera with approximately 240 species thrive mostly in the temperate areas up to the subtropics . The varieties of some species in the genera Carpenteria , Deutzia , Hydrangea and Philadelphus are ornamental plants . The best known is probably the garden hydrangea ( Hydrangea macrophylla ).

description

Illustration by Cardiandra alternifolia from Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini: Flora Japonica , Tafelband

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Tribus Philadelpheae: Habitus and flowers with many stamens of Carpenteria californica

Illustration of Deinanthe caerulea from Curtis's Botanical Magazine, London. , Volume 137 (= Series 4, Volume 7, Plate 8373)

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Tribus Philadelpheae: Separate leaves and inflorescence of Whipplea modesta

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Tribus Philadelpheae: inflorescence with flowers in detail from Fendlerella utahensis

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Tribus Hydrangeae: Opposite leaves and fruits of Dichroa febrifuga

Appearance and leaves

The types of hydrangeaceae are evergreen or deciduous shrubs , vines , half shrubs or rarely perennial herbaceous plants , consisting of a woody rhizomes grow. The shoot axes are independently upright to ascending, sometimes climbing or overhanging. Woody species have bark peeling off in strips or leaves .

The almost always counter, rarely alternate or whorled arranged leaves are conspicuously stalked up hardly recognizable. The simple leaf blade rarely has a lobed, often smooth, serrated or serrated leaf margin. The leaf nerve is mostly pinnate, but in Fendlera , Fendlerella , Philadelphus and Whipplea it is acrodromic (= the lateral nerves run parallel to the leaf edge for a while and then towards the tip of the leaf). Stipules are missing.

Subfamily Jamesioideae: habit, opposite leaves and inflorescences of Jamesia americana

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae tribe Hydrangeae: habit, leaves and inflorescence of Broussaisia arguta

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Tribus Hydrangeae: inflorescences of Pileotegia viburnoides

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Tribus Hydrangeae: Habitus of Schizophragma hydrangeoides 'Moonlight'

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Tribus Hydrangeae: inflorescences of Schizophragma hydrangeoides

Inflorescences and flowers

The either numerous and small or few and large flowers are in terminal or lateral, zymose , occasionally in umbrella-like , thyrsoid or paniculate inflorescences . It can bracts (there are bracts = bracts) be present.

Most of the flowers are hermaphroditic and these are all radial symmetry . Rarely, the flowers are unisexual and then the species are dioecious separately sexed ( diocesan ). Some species have sterile (sterile), zygomorphic flowers, the sepals of which are conspicuous and greatly enlarged. There is a flower cup (hypanthium). In the four to twelve sepals that are fused or free at their base , the bud cover is either flappable or roof-tiled. The four to twelve petals are either only at their base or completely fused to form a closed lid ( kalyptra ).

There is usually a nectar discus . The 4 to 200 stamens are arranged in one, two or many circles. The free or fused stamens are flat and either linear, awl or thread-shaped, forked ends can occur. The anthers are connected to the stamens at their base and open with a longitudinal slit. The two to twelve carpels are a syncarp, partially or completely continuous, one to zwölfkammerigen ovary grown. Each ovary chamber contains 1 to 50 anatropic ovules . The stylus is rarely simple, there are usually two to twelve stylus branches.

Fruits and seeds

The fruits containing 2 to 350 seeds are septicidal or loculicidal capsule fruits or rarely berries . The seeds are no more than 10 millimeters in size.

Paleobotany

There are good paleobotanical reports on Hydrangeaceae. Fossil finds go back to the Upper Cretaceous and most of the finds are from the Tertiary .

Systematics and distribution

The Hydrangeaceae family was established in 1829 by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in Analyze des Familles de Plantes , pp. 36 and 38. The type genus is Hydrangea Gronov. Synonyms for Hydrangeaceae Dumort. nom. cons. are Hortensiaceae Martinov , Kirengeshomaceae Nakai and Philadelphaceae Martinov .

The Hydrangeaceae were previously classified as a family with woody species close to the Saxifragaceae family. Phylogenetic studies of the 21st century place the Hydrangeaceae in the Cornales order as a sister group to the Loasaceae family .

The distribution area of the Hydrangeaceae ranges from the temperate latitudes to the subtropics . The species are found in the New World , Eurasia, and the Pacific Islands. They have their main distribution in the northern temperate latitudes ( Holarctic ) and in the subtropics. In the Neotropic they occur from Mexico to Chile , especially in the Andes . In North America there are nine genera with about 25 species.

The hydrangea family (Hydrangeaceae) comprises around 17 genera with around 220 species and is divided into two subfamilies , the subfamily Hydrangeoideae in turn into two tribes :

Subfamily Jamesioideae Hufford :

Fendlera Engelm. & A.Gray : The only two species are distributed from the southwestern United States to northern Mexico.
Jamesia Torr. & A.Gray (Syn .: Edwinia A.Heller ): The two species are distributed from the southwest USA to northern Mexico.

Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Burnett : It contains two tribes:

Tribus Philadelpheae DC. ex Duby : It contains about six genera:

Carpenteria Torr. : It contains only one type:
Carpenteria californica Torr. : This endemic is only found in Fresno County in California.

Deutzia ( Deutzia Thunb. , Syn .: Neodeutzia (Engl.) Small ): With a disjoint area with about 60 species in Mexico and Asia (especially in the Himalayas ) as well as in the Philippines .

Fendlerella (Greene) A.Heller : The four or so species are distributed from the southwest and south-central USA to northern Mexico.

Kirengeshoma Yatabe : The roughly two types are common in East Asia.

Pipe bushes ( Philadelphus L.): The 60 to 71 species are common in the New World and Eurasia.

Whipplea Torr. : It contains only one type:
Whipplea modesta Torr. : It thrives at altitudes of mostly 400 to 1300 (30 to 1700) meters only on the western side of the Cascade Mountains and the coastal mountains in the western US states of California , Oregon and Washington .

Tribus Hydrangeae DC. : It contains about nine genera:

Broussaisia Gaudich. : It contains only one type:
Broussaisia arguta Gaudich. : It occurs in Hawaii .

Cardiandra Siebold & Zucc. : The four to six species are mainly found in subtropical eastern Asia.

Decumaria L .: Of the roughly two species, one occurs in the southeastern USA and one in China.

Sham hydrangeas ( Deinanthe Maxim. ): The roughly two species are common in Japan and China.

Dichroa Lour. : The 12 to 13 species are common in eastern Asia and offshore islands.

Hydrangea ( Hydrangea Gronov. , Syn .: Cornidia Ruiz & Pav. , Hortensia Comm ex Juss.. , Sarcostyles C.Presl ex DC. ): The about 29, formerly of up to 80 species, mainly in East and Southeast Asia, but also common in the New World. The genus Hydrangea sl is divided into about eight genera (Y. De Smet et al. 2015).

Pileostegia Hook. f. & Thomson : The only two or three species are found in eastern India, China, and Japan.

Platycrater Siebold & Zucc. : It contains only one type:
Platycrater arguta Siebold & Zucc. : It occurs in warm temperate China and Japan.

Schizophragma Siebold & Zucc. : The eight to ten species are all found in China, only one species is also found in Japan and Korea.

proof

The family of Hydrangeaceae in APWebsite . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
L. Hufford: Hydrangeaceae . In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants . Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. tape 6 . Springer Science & Business Media, 2004, ISBN 978-3-540-06512-8 , pp. 202–215 ( Hydrangeaceae on pp. 202–215 in the Google book search). (Sections distribution and systematics)
Craig C. Freeman: Hydrangeaceae Dumortier. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 12 - Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, December 22, 2016 , ISBN 978-0-19-064372-0 . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Craig C. Freeman: Hydrangeaceae Dumortier. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 12 - Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, December 22, 2016 , ISBN 978-0-19-064372-0 .
↑ Dumortier 1829 - first publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
^ Hydrangeaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ ^A ^b Hydrangeaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Jin-tang Pan, Cuizhi Gu, Shumei Huang, Chao-fen Wei, Shu-ying Jin, Lingdi Lu, Shinobu Akiyama, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, James Cullen, Richard J. Gornall, Ulla-Maj Hultgård, Hideaki Ohba & Douglas E. Soltis: Saxifragaceae - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 8: Saxifragaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.

Web links

Commons : Hydrangeaceae - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoNA-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Craig C. Freeman: Hydrangeaceae Dumortier. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 12 - Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, December 22, 2016 , ISBN 978-0-19-064372-0 .

[Dumortier1829-2] Dumortier 1829 - first publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[Tropicos-3] Hydrangeaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[GRIN-4] A ^b Hydrangeaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[FoC-5] Jin-tang Pan, Cuizhi Gu, Shumei Huang, Chao-fen Wei, Shu-ying Jin, Lingdi Lu, Shinobu Akiyama, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, James Cullen, Richard J. Gornall, Ulla-Maj Hultgård, Hideaki Ohba & Douglas E. Soltis: Saxifragaceae - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 8: Saxifragaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.